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====Techniques Involved in Pathological Examination====
 
====Techniques Involved in Pathological Examination====
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* '''Fluid examination'''
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** E.g. blood, urine, discharges from orifices and so on.
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* '''Cytology'''
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** Examination of cells in smears, aspirates and fluids.
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* '''Necropsy'''
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** Visual examination of the gross changes in the dead body.
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* '''Histopathology'''
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** Microscopic examination of:
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*** Tissues selected from the dead body after necropsy.
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*** Biopsy/excision materials from lesions in the living animal.
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5. Histochemistry - microscopic visualisation of enzymatic activity in tissues.
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6. Immunological methods - detection of specific antibody activity in tissues and fluids.
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When linked to a marking agent i.e. a fluorescent dye or other
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substance, it can localise in the tissue the antigen for that
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particular antibody.
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Examination of serum can show prior exposure to a particular
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infectious agent.
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7. Electronmicroscopy - fine detail of the surfaces or internal structures of cells.
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8. Bacteriology /Virology/Parasitology - isolation and identification of pathogenic
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bacteria/viruses/parasites.
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9. Toxicology - analysis of tissues for particular poisons and toxins.
    
==Degenerations and Infiltrations==
 
==Degenerations and Infiltrations==
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