Difference between revisions of "Helminth Flashcards"

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<big>
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{{toplink
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'''[[Cestodes Flascards]]
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|linkpage =Helminths
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|linktext =HELMINTHS
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'''[[Trematodes Flashcards]]
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|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBugs
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|subtext1 =WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS
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'''[[Nematode Flashcards]]
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|pagetype =Bugs
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}}
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'''[[Cattle Nematode Flashcards]]
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===Cestodes===
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<FlashCard questions="13">
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'''[[Small Ruminant Nematodes Flashcards]]
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|q1=Fill in the missing words about cestodes:<p>
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A cestode (tapeworm) is a chain (???) of progressively maturing reproductive units called ??? anchored at one end to the intestinal wall by a hold-fast organ called the ???.
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'''[[Horse Nematode Flashcards]]</big>
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</p>
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|a1=
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*strobila
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[[Category:Parasite Flashcards]][[Category:Helminths]]
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*proglottids
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*scolex
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|l1=Cyclophyllidea#Introduction
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|q2=What species of Taenia occur in dogs?
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|a2=
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*Taenia ovis
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*Taenia hydatigena
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*Taenia pisiformis
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*Taenia multiceps
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*Taenia serialis
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|l2=Taenia#Introduction
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|q3=Describe the features of a cysticercus
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|a3=Fluid filled bladder, containing a single invaginated head (protoscolex) - seen as a white blob on the wall of the cyst
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|l3=Cyclophyllidea#Life-Cycle
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|q4=In which host(s) would you expect to find the cysticercus of ''T. hydatigena'' and where in the host might it be found?
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|a4=
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*Sheep (mostly)'
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*Cattle
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*Pigs
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*Found in the peritoneal cavity
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|l4=Taenia#Structure and Function
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|q5=What is the difference between a coenurus and a cysticercus?
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|a5=
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*A coenurus is a fluid filled bladder with multiples (dozens) of inverted scolices attached to the wall
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*Whereas the cysticercus  has only a single inverted scolex.
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|l5=Cyclophyllidea#Life-Cycle
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|q6=How does the distribution of hydatid cysts differ in sheep, horses and humans?
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|a6=
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*Sheep = most are in the lungs with smaller numbers in the liver
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*Horses = nearly all are in the liver
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*Humans = most are in the liver, with some in the lungs and a few elsewhere
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|l6=Echinococcus#Life-Cycle
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|q7=What tapeworms occur in the cat?
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|a7=
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*Taenia taeniaeformis
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*Dipylidium
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|l7=Taenia#Introduction
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|q8=Why is it so difficult to prevent many cats from becoming re-infected with ''T.  taeniaeformis''?
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|a8=The intermediate hosts are mice and other small mammals that are hunted
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|l8=Taenia#Taenia spp of the Cat
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|q9=Where in the host (horse) would you expect to find ''Anoplocephala''?
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|a9=Ileo-caecal junction
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|l9=Anoplocephala#Life-Cycle
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|q10=Why are ''Anoplocephala'' eggs rarely seen on routine faecal examination?
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|a10=They are dense structures and do not always float in the flotation media used in routine diagnosis
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|l10=Anoplocephala#Life-Cycle
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|q11=Why is it so difficult to prevent grazing horses from becoming re-infected with ''Anoplocephala''?
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|a11=The intermediate hosts are ubiquitous free-living pasture mites
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|l11=Anoplocephala#Life-Cycle
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|q12=Describe the appearance of ''Moniezia
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|a12=
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*Long tapeworm (up to 2m)
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*Segments much wider than they are long
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|l12=Moniezia#Introduction
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|q13=Why is ''T. solium'' more dangerous to human health than ''T. saginata''?
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|a13=If T. solium eggs get into the human small intestine, they will hatch and cysticerci can establish in the musculature and CNS. This does not happen with T. saginata.
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|l13=Taenia#T. solium, the Pork Tapeworm of Humans
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</FlashCard>
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===Trematodes===
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<FlashCard questions="7">
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|q1=What are the most diagnostic features of the ''Fasciola hepatica'' egg?
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|a1=
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*Oval and brown
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*Granular contents
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*Operculum ('trap-door') at one end
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*Double the size of a typical strongyle egg
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|l1=Trematodes#Life-cycle stages
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|q2=Fill in the missing words about ''Lymnaea truncatula'':
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<p>''Lymnaea truncatula'' is the intermediate host for (???). It is found in ???, and feeds on ???. It has a ??? with 5-6 spirals.</p>
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|a2=
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*Fasciola hepatica
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*muddy areas
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*slimy green algae
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*brown-black shell
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|l2=Fasciola#Lymnaea truncatula
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|q3=What is the post mortem appearance of the liver in cases of acute fasciolosis?
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|a3=
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*Haemorrhagic tracts
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*Enlarged, pale and friable
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|l3=Fasciola#Pathogenesis of acute fasciolosis
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|q4=What time of year do the clinical signs of chronic fasciolosis become apparent?
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|a4=January - March
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|l4=Fasciola#Chronic fasciolosis
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|q5=Why is ''Dicrocoelium'' less pathogenic than ''Fasciola''?
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|a5=Migrates directly up the common bile duct and therefore does NOT migrate through the parenchyma (unlike ''Fasciola'')
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|l5=Dicrocoelium#Dicrocoelium dendriticum
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|q6=Is ''Paramphistomum'' found in the UK?
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|a6=Rare in the UK, but can cause severe losses in ruminants in the wet tropics
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|l6=Paramphistomum#Paramphistomum Species
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|q7=What is the major cause of pathogenicity in schistosome infections?
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|a7=
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*The eggs have a spike to help them work their way into the intestine or urinary bladder
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*This causes mechanical damage and inflammatory responses that are exacerbated by antigens released by the eggs
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|l7=Schistosoma#Schistosoma Species
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</FlashCard>
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===Nematodes===
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<FlashCard questions="4">
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|q1=What is the function of the bursa in bursate nematodes?
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|a1=Clasp the female during mating
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|l1=Nematodes#Recognition Features
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|q2=Which four superfamilies have bursate males?
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|a2=
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*Trichostrongyloidea
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*Strongyloidea
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*Ancylostomoidea (the hookworms)
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*Metastrongyloidea
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|l2=Nematodes#Nematode Superfamilies
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|q3=What are the different ways in which intestinal nematodes can feed?
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|a3=
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*Swallow ingesta and/or host secretions
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*Suck a plug of mucosa into the buccal cavity (plug feeders), leaving a circular ulcer
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*Bury the head deep into the mucosa and suck blood
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|l3=Nematodes#Nematode Superfamilies
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|q4=Name the six different non-bursate nematode superfamilies
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|a4=
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*Ascaridoidea
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*Oxyuroidea
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*Rhabditoidea
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*Trichinelloidea
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*Spiruroidea
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*Filarioidea
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|l4=Nematodes#Feeding Habits
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</FlashCard>

Revision as of 01:04, 20 February 2010

Infectious agents and parasitesWikiBugs Banner.png
HELMINTHS
WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS


Cestodes

Question Answer Article
Fill in the missing words about cestodes:

A cestode (tapeworm) is a chain (???) of progressively maturing reproductive units called ??? anchored at one end to the intestinal wall by a hold-fast organ called the ???.

Link to Article
What species of Taenia occur in dogs? Link to Article
Describe the features of a cysticercus Link to Article
In which host(s) would you expect to find the cysticercus of T. hydatigena and where in the host might it be found? Link to Article
What is the difference between a coenurus and a cysticercus? Link to Article
How does the distribution of hydatid cysts differ in sheep, horses and humans? Link to Article
What tapeworms occur in the cat? Link to Article
Why is it so difficult to prevent many cats from becoming re-infected with T. taeniaeformis? Link to Article
Where in the host (horse) would you expect to find Anoplocephala? Link to Article
Why are Anoplocephala eggs rarely seen on routine faecal examination? Link to Article
Why is it so difficult to prevent grazing horses from becoming re-infected with Anoplocephala? Link to Article
Describe the appearance of Moniezia Link to Article
Why is T. solium more dangerous to human health than T. saginata? Link to Article


Trematodes

Question Answer Article
What are the most diagnostic features of the Fasciola hepatica egg? Link to Article
Fill in the missing words about Lymnaea truncatula:

Lymnaea truncatula is the intermediate host for (???). It is found in ???, and feeds on ???. It has a ??? with 5-6 spirals.

 Link to Article
What is the post mortem appearance of the liver in cases of acute fasciolosis? Link to Article
What time of year do the clinical signs of chronic fasciolosis become apparent? Link to Article
Why is Dicrocoelium less pathogenic than Fasciola? Link to Article
Is Paramphistomum found in the UK? Link to Article
What is the major cause of pathogenicity in schistosome infections? Link to Article


Nematodes

Question Answer Article
What is the function of the bursa in bursate nematodes? Link to Article
Which four superfamilies have bursate males? Link to Article
What are the different ways in which intestinal nematodes can feed? Link to Article
Name the six different non-bursate nematode superfamilies Link to Article


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