Difference between revisions of "Asfarviridae"
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(Redirected page to Category:Asfarviridae) |
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| + | {{toplink | ||
| + | |linkpage =Viruses | ||
| + | |linktext =VIRUSES | ||
| + | |pagetype =Bugs | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | <br> | ||
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| + | =Introduction= | ||
| + | Asfarviridae receives it's name from '''A'''frican '''S'''wine '''F'''ever virus, which is derived from any of this family of viruses. ASF is a serious exotic virus that should not be confused with [[Classical Swine Fever]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | =Morphology= | ||
| + | *Large, enveloped, icosahedral, '''cytoplasmic''' DNA virus | ||
| + | |||
| + | =Virulence and Pathogenesis= | ||
| + | *Infects either '''upper respiratory tract''' or '''skin''' via '''ticks''' | ||
| + | *Enters bloodstream in [[Monocytes - WikiBlood|monocytes]] | ||
| + | *Reaches viscera and bone marrow within days | ||
| + | *Induces a '''clotting defect''' and '''hemolysis''' in red blood cells | ||
| + | *Also affects lymphocytes: | ||
| + | **Infects Th cells and causes them not to produce B-stimulating cytokines | ||
| + | **Antigen-stimulated B-cells undergo apoptosis rather than producing antibody | ||
| + | *General cell signal transduction is blocked, decreasing non-specific immunity | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''Acute Virus (Africa)'' | ||
| + | *Clinical Signs: | ||
| + | **Nasal discharge, diarrhoea, reddening of the skin | ||
| + | *Death within 7 days | ||
| + | *PM: widespread internal hemorrhage | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''Subacute Virus (Europe)'' | ||
| + | *PM: Petechial hemorrhages may be seen under kidney capsule | ||
| + | *Mortality: 30-70% | ||
| + | *Survivors may lose body condition, have skin ulcers and joint swelling | ||
| + | |||
| + | =Epidemiology= | ||
| + | *Can persist on infected premises for months | ||
| + | *Subacute recovered pigs become antibody-positive carriers | ||
| + | *Transfer: | ||
| + | **Africa: vertical transfer between '''soft ticks''' | ||
| + | **Europe/Africa: '''direct contact''' with carrier pigs, '''aerosol''', infected swill, etc. | ||
| + | |||
| + | =Diagnosis= | ||
| + | *Mortalities with widespread hemorrhage, particularly in lymph nodes | ||
| + | *Test to distinguish from [[Classical Swine Fever]] and [[Porcine Circoviruses]] | ||
| + | *Immunofluorescence | ||
| + | *PCR | ||
| + | |||
| + | =Control= | ||
| + | *No vaccine is available | ||
| + | Prevention: | ||
| + | *Boiling swill | ||
| + | *Isolation of sick pigs, domestic pigs from wild pigs | ||
| + | *Keep pigs on concrete, not soil (to lessen tick contact) | ||
Revision as of 17:39, 23 February 2010
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This article is still under construction. |
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Introduction
Asfarviridae receives it's name from African Swine Fever virus, which is derived from any of this family of viruses. ASF is a serious exotic virus that should not be confused with Classical Swine Fever.
Morphology
- Large, enveloped, icosahedral, cytoplasmic DNA virus
Virulence and Pathogenesis
- Infects either upper respiratory tract or skin via ticks
- Enters bloodstream in monocytes
- Reaches viscera and bone marrow within days
- Induces a clotting defect and hemolysis in red blood cells
- Also affects lymphocytes:
- Infects Th cells and causes them not to produce B-stimulating cytokines
- Antigen-stimulated B-cells undergo apoptosis rather than producing antibody
- General cell signal transduction is blocked, decreasing non-specific immunity
Acute Virus (Africa)
- Clinical Signs:
- Nasal discharge, diarrhoea, reddening of the skin
- Death within 7 days
- PM: widespread internal hemorrhage
Subacute Virus (Europe)
- PM: Petechial hemorrhages may be seen under kidney capsule
- Mortality: 30-70%
- Survivors may lose body condition, have skin ulcers and joint swelling
Epidemiology
- Can persist on infected premises for months
- Subacute recovered pigs become antibody-positive carriers
- Transfer:
- Africa: vertical transfer between soft ticks
- Europe/Africa: direct contact with carrier pigs, aerosol, infected swill, etc.
Diagnosis
- Mortalities with widespread hemorrhage, particularly in lymph nodes
- Test to distinguish from Classical Swine Fever and Porcine Circoviruses
- Immunofluorescence
- PCR
Control
- No vaccine is available
Prevention:
- Boiling swill
- Isolation of sick pigs, domestic pigs from wild pigs
- Keep pigs on concrete, not soil (to lessen tick contact)