Difference between revisions of "Traumatic Pericarditis"

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''aka: Wire; Hardware Disease''
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===Description===
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*[[Forestomach Inflammation - Pathology|''Pathophysiology'']]
  
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Also known as: '''''Wire — Hardware Disease '''''
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*A common cause of severe abdominal pain in cattle.
  
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Also see: '''[[Traumatic Reticulitis]] — [[Pericarditis]]
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*Rare in other animals.
  
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== Introduction ==
 
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[[Image:traumatic pericarditis 2.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>'''Traumatic pericarditis'''. Courtesy of A. Jefferies</center></small>]]
 
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[[Image:Traumatic pericarditis 4.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>'''Traumatic pericarditis'''. Courtesy of A. Jefferies</center></small>]]
 
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This heart condition is a common cause of severe abdominal pain in cattle, predominantly dairy cattle. It is very rare in other animals. It is caused by ingestion of wire or other piece of metal into the rumen of the cow. Ruminal movements can cause the wire to penetrate the cranial reticulum and therefore penetrate the pericardium and/or liver causing [[pericarditis]].
 
  
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== Clinical Signs ==
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===Diagnosis===
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The animal will usually appear dull and depressed and may stand away from the herd. She will often show extension of the neck, arching of the back and stand with elbows abducted, which are all signs of cranial abdominal discomfort. There will often also be signs of [[Heart Failure, Right-Sided|right sided heart failure]] and peripheral [[oedema]].
 
  
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== Diagnosis ==
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====History & Clinical Signs====
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History and clinical signs may be indicative of the disease. On physical exam, the cow will elicit a grunt (pain response) when pressure is applied to the ventral abdomen. She will often be pyrexic, have increased pulses and decreased rumen sounds. The faeces may be dry and mucus covered and there will be a noticeable tachycardia. On auscultation of the heart, initially friction rubs or 'Squeaks' may be heard indicating pericardial or pleural adhesions. These may then progress to 'whooshing' sounds over the heart, indicating presence of fluid in the pericardium.
 
  
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Blood tests may show a [[neutrophilia]] with a left shift, increased fibrinogen and increased serum total protein.
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*Common in dairy cattle
  
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Fluid analysis of fluid from the pericardium will confirm traumatic pericarditis, by showing presence of bacteria within [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] as well as a large number of degenerate neutrophils.
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*Dull
  
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== Treatment ==
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*Depressed
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Confine the animal to prevent stress from the rest of the herd. Administer broad spectrum [[antibiotics]] immediately. A rumenotomy should be performed and a hand guided down into the cranial rumen or reticulum to find and remove the foreign object. However, although these treatment options are all viable, the animal is usually culled on economic grounds in most cases.
 
  
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Prevention through good husbandry practices, such as a magnet in the feeding wagon etc, is the best control measure.
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*Extension of the neck
  
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{{Learning
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*Arching of the back
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|flashcards = [[Cytology Q&A 16]]
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}}
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*Standing with elbows abducted
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*Signs of right sided heart failure
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*Peripheral oedema
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====Physical Exam====
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*Grunt (pain response) when pressure is applied to the ventral abdomen
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*Increased temperature
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*Increased pulses
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*Decreased to absent rumenal activity
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*Dry mucus covered feces
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*Tachycardia
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====Laboratory Findings====
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Complete Cell Count:
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*Neutrophilia with a left shift
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*Increased fibrinogen
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*Increased serum total protein
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Fluid Analysis: Fluid used from pericardiocentesis can confirm traumatic pericarditis
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*Bacteria within [[Neutrophils - WikiBlood|neutrophils]]
  
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== References ==
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*A large number of degenerate [[Neutrophils - WikiBlood|neutrophils]]
  
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Andrews, A.H, Blowey, R.W, Boyd, H and Eddy, R.G. (2004) '''Bovine Medicine '''(Second edition),'' Blackwell Publishing''
 
  
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Ather, H, Parrah, J.D, Moulvi, B.A, Singh, M, Dedmari, F.H. (2012) '''[http://scientific.cloud-journals.com/index.php/IJAVST/article/viewFile/Sci-45/pdf Pericarditis in Bovines - A Review]'''''International Journal of Advanced Veterinary Science and Technology
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====Treatment====
  
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Divers, T.J. and Peek, S.F. (2008) '''Rebhun's diseases of dairy cattle '''''Elsevier Health Scieneces''
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*Confine animal
  
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Radostits, O.M, Arundel, J.H, and Gay, C.C. (2000) '''Veterinary Medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses''''' Elsevier Health Sciences''
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*Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
  
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*Administer fluids if the animal is dehydrated
  
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{{review}}
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*Remove foreign object with a rumenotomy
  
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==Webinars==
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*Due to economics most animals are culled
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<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/cardiology/webinars/feed</rss>
 
  
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[[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cattle]][[Category:Cardiology Section]]
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*Prevention through good husbandry practices is the best treatment!

Revision as of 20:56, 24 February 2010

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Category:WikiClinical BovineCow

aka: Wire; Hardware Disease

Description

  • A common cause of severe abdominal pain in cattle.
  • Rare in other animals.


Diagnosis

History & Clinical Signs

  • Common in dairy cattle
  • Dull
  • Depressed
  • Extension of the neck
  • Arching of the back
  • Standing with elbows abducted
  • Signs of right sided heart failure
  • Peripheral oedema


Physical Exam

  • Grunt (pain response) when pressure is applied to the ventral abdomen
  • Increased temperature
  • Increased pulses
  • Decreased to absent rumenal activity
  • Dry mucus covered feces
  • Tachycardia


Laboratory Findings

Complete Cell Count:

  • Neutrophilia with a left shift
  • Increased fibrinogen
  • Increased serum total protein


Fluid Analysis: Fluid used from pericardiocentesis can confirm traumatic pericarditis


Treatment

  • Confine animal
  • Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
  • Administer fluids if the animal is dehydrated
  • Remove foreign object with a rumenotomy
  • Due to economics most animals are culled
  • Prevention through good husbandry practices is the best treatment!
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