Difference between revisions of "Sarcoptic Mange"

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(Created page with '==Transmission== *Close contact *Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another ==Pathogenesis== *Erythema with papule formation *Scale and crust forma…')
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{{OpenPagesTop}}
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==Transmission==
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Also known as: '''''Scabies'''''
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*Close contact
  
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== Introduction ==
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*Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another
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[[Image:Puppy sarcoptic mange.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<b>Puppy with sarcoptic mange</b> <br /> Caroldermoid 2006, Wikimedia Commons]]
 
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[[Image:Scabies human skin pruritus.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Scabies on human skin resulting in pruritus - Geary 2006,Wikimedia Commons]]
 
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Sarcoptic mange is a relatively common skin disease of dogs and other species, in the UK. It can affect animals of all ages, but may be most severe in puppies. It can also transfer to humans where it cannot burrow, but will cause a pruritic, erythrematous dermatitis.
 
  
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Transmission of the disease is by direct contact.
 
  
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The mite ''[[Sarcoptes|Sarcoptes scabiei]]'' is the cause. Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish.
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==Pathogenesis==
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*Erythema with papule formation
  
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The disease is common in the dog, rare in the cat and quite common in pigs, where the disease is also severe. In cattle, sheep and horses the disease is notifiable and rare.
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*Scale and crust formation
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**Alopecia
  
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Sarcoptic Mange is an important condition in pigs where 35% of pigs are asymptomatic carriers of the infection. Transmission is usually via direct contact from sow to piglets whilst suckling and from boars to gilts at service.
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*Intense pruritus for 1 week
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**Self-inflicted trauma
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**Scab formation
  
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== Clinical Signs ==
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*Wrinkling and thickening of skin
  
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The disease is characterised by erythema with papule formation, scale and crust formation, alopecia and intense pruritus for at least one week. This will often appear clinically as self-inflicted trauma wounds and scab formation.
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*[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Hypersensitivity]] may develop
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**Rash develops
  
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There will be a wrinkling and thickening of skin in the chronic cases too and [[Hypersensitivity - Introduction|hypersensitivity]] may develop.
 
  
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In the dog, clinical signs are characteristic with the first signs appearing at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows. It is intensely pruritic.
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''Sarcoptes scabiei''
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*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Scabies|scabies]]
  
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First signs of infestation in pigs appear on the ears before spreading to the rest of the body, which is the same as dogs.
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*Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish
  
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== Diagnosis ==
 
  
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Diagnosis can be made by the characteristic clinical signs. A deep skin scraping should be taken (skin scraping until capillary blood appears) then viewed under the microscope for identification of mites. Slides are prepared by placing material on a slide, adding 10% KOH and warming over a bunsen flame. Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically.
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'''Diagnosis'''
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*Skin scraping until capillary blood appears
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**Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically
  
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A '''serological test''' to determine the presence of anti-''Sarcoptes'' [[IgG]] is also available in dogs. This test is reported to have a sensitivity ranging between 83% and 92% and a specificity ranging between 89.5% and 92%.
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*Place material on a microscope slide
  
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== Treatment and Control==
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*Add 10% KOH
  
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An [[Ectoparasiticides|acaricide]] should be used to treat this infection.
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*Warm slide over bunsen flame
  
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Both infected and in-contact animals should be treated, older products have to be given in repeat treatments. Avermectins are effective in farm animals and Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs.
 
  
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All bedding and materials that have come into contact with the animal, e.g. the car, must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
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'''Treatment'''
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*Acaricide
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**For more information on acaricides click [[Ectoparasiticides|here]]
  
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Control for pigs includes treating sows before entering the farrowing pen and treating boars at 6 month intervals.
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*Treat both infected and in-contact animals
  
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*Older products have to be given in repeat treatments
  
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Also see: <big><b>[[Mites - Ferrets#Scabies|Scabies in Ferrets]]</b></big>
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*Avermectins are effective in farm animals
  
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{{Learning
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*Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs
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|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis02359.asp Sarcoptic mange]
 
  
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|flashcards = [[Mites Flashcards|Mites Flashcards]]
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*Control for pigs:
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**Treat sows before entering the farrowing pen
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**Treat boars at 6 month intervals
  
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[[Small Animal Dermatology Q&A 11]]
 
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}}
 
  
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== References ==
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=====Sarcoptic mange in different species=====
  
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Foster, A, and Foll, C. (2003) '''BSAVA small animal dermatology '''(second edition) ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association''
 
  
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Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) '''Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ectoparasites''''' Royal Veterinary College ''
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'''Dogs'''
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*Highly contagious
  
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Patel, A. (2008) '''Small animal dermatology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''
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*Intense pruritus
  
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Taylor, D.J. (2006) '''Pig Diseases '''(Eighth edition)'' St Edmunsdbury Press ltd''
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*First signs appear at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows
  
  
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'''Cats'''
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*Rare
  
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{{review}}
 
  
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{{OpenPages}}
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'''Pigs'''
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*Important condition, 35% pigs are asymptomatic carriers
  
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[[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]] [[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]][[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Pig]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]
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*First signs of infestation appear on the ears before spreading to the rest of the body
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[[Category:Zoonoses]]
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*Transmission from sow to piglets whilst suckling and from boars to gilts at service
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*Infestation adversely affects productivity
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'''Cattle'''
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*Most frequently seen in housed cattle
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*'''Notifiable in USA and Canada'''
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*Often called 'neck and tail mange' as lesions most often seen on neck and tail
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*Infestation adversely affects productivity
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'''Sheep'''
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*'''Notifiable in UK'''
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*Lesions on hairy parts of face
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**E.g. Face, ears, axillae and groin
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*Causes considerable hide damage in local African breeds of long haired sheep
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'''Horses'''
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*'''Notifiable in UK'''
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*Lesions begin on head, neck and shoulders then spread to rest of body[[Category:Parasites]][[Category:Mites]]

Revision as of 22:23, 30 March 2010

Transmission

  • Close contact
  • Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another


Pathogenesis

  • Erythema with papule formation
  • Scale and crust formation
    • Alopecia
  • Intense pruritus for 1 week
    • Self-inflicted trauma
    • Scab formation
  • Wrinkling and thickening of skin


Sarcoptes scabiei

  • Strains of S. scabiei can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish


Diagnosis

  • Skin scraping until capillary blood appears
    • Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically
  • Place material on a microscope slide
  • Add 10% KOH
  • Warm slide over bunsen flame


Treatment

  • Acaricide
    • For more information on acaricides click here
  • Treat both infected and in-contact animals
  • Older products have to be given in repeat treatments
  • Avermectins are effective in farm animals
  • Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs
  • Control for pigs:
    • Treat sows before entering the farrowing pen
    • Treat boars at 6 month intervals


Sarcoptic mange in different species

Dogs

  • Highly contagious
  • Intense pruritus
  • First signs appear at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows


Cats

  • Rare


Pigs

  • Important condition, 35% pigs are asymptomatic carriers
  • First signs of infestation appear on the ears before spreading to the rest of the body
  • Transmission from sow to piglets whilst suckling and from boars to gilts at service
  • Infestation adversely affects productivity


Cattle

  • Most frequently seen in housed cattle
  • Notifiable in USA and Canada
  • Often called 'neck and tail mange' as lesions most often seen on neck and tail
  • Infestation adversely affects productivity


Sheep

  • Notifiable in UK
  • Lesions on hairy parts of face
    • E.g. Face, ears, axillae and groin
  • Causes considerable hide damage in local African breeds of long haired sheep


Horses

  • Notifiable in UK
  • Lesions begin on head, neck and shoulders then spread to rest of body
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