Difference between revisions of "Category:Bordetella species"

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===Overview===
 
===Overview===
  
*''B. bronchiseptica'' infects a wide range of animal species worldwide
+
*[[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']] infects a wide range of animal species worldwide
*''B. avium'' resticted to birds
+
*[[Bordetella avium|''B. avium'']] resticted to birds
 
*Normal inhabitants of upper respiratory tract
 
*Normal inhabitants of upper respiratory tract
 
*Cause repsiratory diseases including rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis
 
*Cause repsiratory diseases including rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis
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*Grow on MacConkey agar
 
*Grow on MacConkey agar
 
*Toxigenic strains agglutinate mammalian red blood cells
 
*Toxigenic strains agglutinate mammalian red blood cells
*Identical S form LPS in all strains of ''B. bronchiseptica'' - 1 diagnostic antigen
+
*Identical S form LPS in all strains of [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']] - 1 diagnostic antigen
*''B. bronchiseptica'' haemolytic, whereas ''B. avium'' not
+
*[[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']] haemolytic, whereas [[Bordetella avium|''B. avium'']] not
 
*Affinity for ciliated respiratory epithelium
 
*Affinity for ciliated respiratory epithelium
  
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===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
 
===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
  
*Use pathogenicity factors such as filamentous haemagglutanin (only ''B. bronchiseptica''), fimbriae and pertactin to adhere to ciliated respiratory epithelium
+
*Use pathogenicity factors such as filamentous haemagglutanin (only [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']]), fimbriae and pertactin to adhere to ciliated respiratory epithelium
 
*Produce toxins:  
 
*Produce toxins:  
 
**Adenylate cyclase (leucocyte toxin - kills phagocytes) (only ''B. bronchiseptica'')
 
**Adenylate cyclase (leucocyte toxin - kills phagocytes) (only ''B. bronchiseptica'')

Revision as of 21:04, 10 May 2010

Overview

  • B. bronchiseptica infects a wide range of animal species worldwide
  • B. avium resticted to birds
  • Normal inhabitants of upper respiratory tract
  • Cause repsiratory diseases including rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis
  • Exogenous or endogenous infection
  • Poor survival in the environment
  • Transmission between animals
  • Young animals particularly susceptible
  • Predisposing factors include stress and concurrent infections
  • High morbidity; low mortality


Characteristics

  • Gram negative rods
  • Strict aerobes
  • Grow slowly
  • Catalase and oxidase positive
  • Non-lactose fermentors
  • Grow on MacConkey agar
  • Toxigenic strains agglutinate mammalian red blood cells
  • Identical S form LPS in all strains of B. bronchiseptica - 1 diagnostic antigen
  • B. bronchiseptica haemolytic, whereas B. avium not
  • Affinity for ciliated respiratory epithelium


Pathogenesis and pathogenicity

  • Use pathogenicity factors such as filamentous haemagglutanin (only B. bronchiseptica), fimbriae and pertactin to adhere to ciliated respiratory epithelium
  • Produce toxins:
    • Adenylate cyclase (leucocyte toxin - kills phagocytes) (only B. bronchiseptica)
    • Tracheal cytotoxin (inhibits DNA synthesis in ciliated cells)
    • Dermonecrotic toxin
  • Pathogenicity factors activated by environment and genetic changes
  • Regulatory locus, BvgAS, mediates the activation
  • Phase variation: genetic switch of Bvg locus allows transciption of pathogenicity factors
  • Phenotypic modulation: temperature, magnesium ions and nicotinic acid affect expression of pathogenicity factors
  • Bvg positive allows expression of pathogenicity factors and toxins and colonisation
  • Bvg negative may allow survival in the environment with production of flagellae
  • Mucosal IgA prevent attachment of bacteria to cilia, but clearance from the respiratory tract may take weeks
  • Carrier animals are a source of infection


Diagnosis

  • Samples include nasal swabs, tracheal aspirates and exudates
  • Cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar
  • Biochemical profiles
  • Slide agglutination tests for virulence of isolates


<ncl style=bullet maxdepth=2 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:Bordetella species</ncl>

Pages in category "Bordetella species"

The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total.