Difference between revisions of "Category:Bordetella species"
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===Overview=== | ===Overview=== | ||
| − | *''B. bronchiseptica'' infects a wide range of animal species worldwide | + | *[[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']] infects a wide range of animal species worldwide |
| − | *''B. avium'' resticted to birds | + | *[[Bordetella avium|''B. avium'']] resticted to birds |
*Normal inhabitants of upper respiratory tract | *Normal inhabitants of upper respiratory tract | ||
*Cause repsiratory diseases including rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis | *Cause repsiratory diseases including rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
*Grow on MacConkey agar | *Grow on MacConkey agar | ||
*Toxigenic strains agglutinate mammalian red blood cells | *Toxigenic strains agglutinate mammalian red blood cells | ||
| − | *Identical S form LPS in all strains of ''B. bronchiseptica'' - 1 diagnostic antigen | + | *Identical S form LPS in all strains of [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']] - 1 diagnostic antigen |
| − | *''B. bronchiseptica'' haemolytic, whereas ''B. avium'' not | + | *[[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']] haemolytic, whereas [[Bordetella avium|''B. avium'']] not |
*Affinity for ciliated respiratory epithelium | *Affinity for ciliated respiratory epithelium | ||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity=== | ===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity=== | ||
| − | *Use pathogenicity factors such as filamentous haemagglutanin (only ''B. bronchiseptica''), fimbriae and pertactin to adhere to ciliated respiratory epithelium | + | *Use pathogenicity factors such as filamentous haemagglutanin (only [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']]), fimbriae and pertactin to adhere to ciliated respiratory epithelium |
*Produce toxins: | *Produce toxins: | ||
**Adenylate cyclase (leucocyte toxin - kills phagocytes) (only ''B. bronchiseptica'') | **Adenylate cyclase (leucocyte toxin - kills phagocytes) (only ''B. bronchiseptica'') | ||
Revision as of 21:04, 10 May 2010
Overview
- B. bronchiseptica infects a wide range of animal species worldwide
- B. avium resticted to birds
- Normal inhabitants of upper respiratory tract
- Cause repsiratory diseases including rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis
- Exogenous or endogenous infection
- Poor survival in the environment
- Transmission between animals
- Young animals particularly susceptible
- Predisposing factors include stress and concurrent infections
- High morbidity; low mortality
Characteristics
- Gram negative rods
- Strict aerobes
- Grow slowly
- Catalase and oxidase positive
- Non-lactose fermentors
- Grow on MacConkey agar
- Toxigenic strains agglutinate mammalian red blood cells
- Identical S form LPS in all strains of B. bronchiseptica - 1 diagnostic antigen
- B. bronchiseptica haemolytic, whereas B. avium not
- Affinity for ciliated respiratory epithelium
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
- Use pathogenicity factors such as filamentous haemagglutanin (only B. bronchiseptica), fimbriae and pertactin to adhere to ciliated respiratory epithelium
- Produce toxins:
- Adenylate cyclase (leucocyte toxin - kills phagocytes) (only B. bronchiseptica)
- Tracheal cytotoxin (inhibits DNA synthesis in ciliated cells)
- Dermonecrotic toxin
- Pathogenicity factors activated by environment and genetic changes
- Regulatory locus, BvgAS, mediates the activation
- Phase variation: genetic switch of Bvg locus allows transciption of pathogenicity factors
- Phenotypic modulation: temperature, magnesium ions and nicotinic acid affect expression of pathogenicity factors
- Bvg positive allows expression of pathogenicity factors and toxins and colonisation
- Bvg negative may allow survival in the environment with production of flagellae
- Mucosal IgA prevent attachment of bacteria to cilia, but clearance from the respiratory tract may take weeks
- Carrier animals are a source of infection
Diagnosis
- Samples include nasal swabs, tracheal aspirates and exudates
- Cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar
- Biochemical profiles
- Slide agglutination tests for virulence of isolates
<ncl style=bullet maxdepth=2 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:Bordetella species</ncl>
Pages in category "Bordetella species"
The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total.