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| − | ===''Corynebacterium renale''=== | + | ===''[[Corynebacterium renale]]''=== |
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| − | *''C. renale, C. pilosum, C. cystitidis''
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| − | *Found in the vulva, vagina and prepuce of normal cattle
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| − | *Bovine pyelonephritis
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| − | **Stress of parturition and short urethra predisposes cows to urinary tract infection
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| − | **Cystitis especially with ''C. cystitidis
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| − | **Ascending infection from bladder through ureters causes pyelonephritis
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| − | **Fever, anoexia, decreased milk production
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| − | **Restlessness; kicking of abdomen indicate renal pain
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| − | **Dysuria, arched back, bloody urine
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| − | **Chronic infection causes extensive renal damage
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| − | **Enlarged ureters and kidneys palpated per rectum
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| − | **Culture from urine; protein and red blood cells in urine
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| − | **Antibiotics e.g. penicillin for at least three weeks
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| − | *Ulcerative balanoposthitis (pizzle rot):
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| − | **Common in Merino sheep and Angora goats
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| − | **Ulceration around prepucial orifice with brown crust, and occasionally on vulva of ewes
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| − | **Bacteria hydrolyse urea to ammonia which causes mucosal irritation and ulceration
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| − | **High urine urea level, from high protein intake may predispose to condition
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| − | **High oestrogen levels in pastures also predisposes
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| − | **Castration and heavy wool around the prepuce are risk factors
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