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| | **Severe systemic disease that can result in [[Septicaemia and Enteritis, Bacterial|enteritis]] | | **Severe systemic disease that can result in [[Septicaemia and Enteritis, Bacterial|enteritis]] |
| | **Causes tissues to darken and swell due to oedema and necrosis | | **Causes tissues to darken and swell due to oedema and necrosis |
| − | *Clinical signs:
| + | |
| − | **Cattle/sheep:
| + | [[Anthrax]] |
| − | ***Fatal peracute septicaemia
| + | |
| − | ***Animals usually found dead
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| − | ***Pyrexia, depression, congested mucous membranes and petechiae before death
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| − | ***Abortion, subcutaneous oedema and dysentry in animals surviving more that one day
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| − | **Pigs:
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| − | ***Subacute anthrax with oedematous swelling of throat, head and regional lymph nodes
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| − | ***Intestinal form with high mortality - dysentry due to haemorrhagic enteric lesions
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| − | ***[[Peritonitis - Pathology#In pigs|Peritonitis]]
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| − | **Horses:
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| − | ***Subacute anthrax with subcutaneous oedema of thorax, abdomen and legs following entrance of spores into abrasions
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| − | ***Septicaemia with colic and dysentry due to haemorrhagic enteritis from ingestion of spores; ecchymoses and splenomegaly
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| − | **Dogs
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| − | ***Rarely affected, but similar disease to that found in pigs
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| − | **Humans
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| − | ***Cutaneous anthrax - localised lesion from entrance into abrasion which can cause septicaemia
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| − | ***Pulmonary anthrax - inhalation of spores
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| − | ***Intestinal anthrax - ingestion of infective material
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| − | *Diagnosis:
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| − | **Post mortem: bloat, incomplete rigor mortis, ecchymoses, oedema, dark unclotted blood from orifices, blooy fluid in body cavities, splenomegaly
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| − | **Blood smear from an ear or tail vein of ruminants, or peritoneal fluid from pigs stained with polychrome methylene blue
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| − | **Chains of square-ended blue rods surrounded by mauve capsules
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| − | **Culture on blood and MacConkey agar (no growth on MacConkey)
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| − | **Biochemical tests
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| − | *Treatment:
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| − | **High doses of penicillin G or oxytetracylcine
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| − | *Control:
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| − | **Report suspected cases - notifiable
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| − | **Spores destroyed by sterilisation
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| − | **Endemic regions:
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| − | ***Live Sterne spore vaccine which produces toxin but has no capsule, therefore is non-pathogenic; stimulates protective antibody
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| − | ***Chemoprophylaxis with long-acting penicillin
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| − | **Non-endemic regions after an outbreak:
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| − | ***Movement restrictions
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| − | ***Footbath with sporicidal disinfectant
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| − | ***Fumigate buildings with formaldehyde
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| − | ***Dispose carcases and contaminated material
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| − | ***Isolate in-contact animals
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| | *[[Peritonitis - Pathology#In pigs|Peritonitis in pigs]] | | *[[Peritonitis - Pathology#In pigs|Peritonitis in pigs]] |
| | [[Category:Bacillus_species]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Pig]][[Category:Horse]][[Category:Dog]] | | [[Category:Bacillus_species]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Pig]][[Category:Horse]][[Category:Dog]] |
| | + | [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]] |