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===Overview===

===Overview===

*Cause [[Intestine Pathogens - Pathology|intestinal disease]] in animals and are important zoonoses

*Cause intestinal disease in animals and are important zoonoses

*10 species of which [[Yersinia pestis|''Y. pestis'']], [[Yersinia pseudotuberculosis|''Y. pseudotuberculosis]] and [[Yersinia enterocolitica|''Y. enterocolitica'']] are pathogenic to animals and humans; [[Yersinia pestis|''Y. pestis'']] is the most pathogenic

*10 species of which [[Yersinia pestis|''Y. pestis'']], [[Yersinia pseudotuberculosis|''Y. pseudotuberculosis]] and [[Yersinia enterocolitica|''Y. enterocolitica'']] are pathogenic to animals and humans; [[Yersinia pestis|''Y. pestis'']] is the most pathogenic

*Rodents provide a reservoir of [[Yersinia pestis|''Y. pestis'']], which is the cause of human plague; fleas transmit the infection to other animals and humans

*Rodents provide a reservoir of [[Yersinia pestis|''Y. pestis'']], which is the cause of human plague; fleas transmit the infection to other animals and humans

*Survive in phagolysosomes and do not interfere with degranulation or lysosomal fusion

*Survive in phagolysosomes and do not interfere with degranulation or lysosomal fusion

*Resistant to macrophage killing mechanisms

*Resistant to macrophage killing mechanisms

*Antiphagocytic proteins secreted by the organisms interfere with host [[Neutrophils - WikiBlood|neutrophils]]

*Antiphagocytic proteins secreted by the organisms interfere with host [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]

*[[Yersinia pestis|''Y. pestis'']] is more invasive than the other species and also possesses and antiphagocytic capsule and a plasminogen activator which aids systemic spread; endotoxin also contributes to its pathogenicity

*[[Yersinia pestis|''Y. pestis'']] is more invasive than the other species and also possesses and antiphagocytic capsule and a plasminogen activator which aids systemic spread; endotoxin also contributes to its pathogenicity

*Transport within macrophages to mesenteric lymph nodes

*Transport within macrophages to mesenteric lymph nodes

*Replication in lymph nodes and development of necrotic lesions, with neutrophil invasion

*Replication in lymph nodes and development of necrotic lesions, with neutrophil invasion

*The bacteria destroy the macrophages causing septicaemia

*The bacteria destroy the macrophages causing septicaemia

===Diagnosis===

===Diagnosis===

*Biochemical tests to identify particular species

*Biochemical tests to identify particular species

*Specific fluorescent antibody staining of lymph node aspirates to identify ''Y. pestis''

*Specific fluorescent antibody staining of lymph node aspirates to identify ''Y. pestis''

===Control===

===Control===

*Control ''Y. pestis'' by controlling rodent population and flea control of cats

*Control ''Y. pestis'' by controlling rodent population and flea control of cats

*Control of other ''Yersinia'' species difficult due to their ubiquity

*Control of other ''Yersinia'' species difficult due to their ubiquity

===Treatment===

===Treatment===

[[Category:Enterobacteriaceae]]

[[Category:Enterobacteriaceae]]