Difference between revisions of "Babesia"

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== Epidemiology ==
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[[Image:Babesia Life Cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Babesia'' Life Cycle Diagram - Dennis Jacobs & Mark Fox RVC]]
 +
[[Image:Alternative Babesia life cycle diagram.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Babesia'' Life Cycle - Mariana Ruiz Villarreal]]
 
*Infects a wide range of host species in different areas of the world
 
*Infects a wide range of host species in different areas of the world
  
Babesiosis has severe effects on cattle production in parts of the world. First of all, it prevents European breeds from being successful in tropical regions where [[Ticks|ticks]] are endemic as well as occurring sporadically in the UK and Ireland causing losses of around £8 million per year.
+
*Babesiosis has severe effects on cattle production in parts of the world
 +
**Prevents European breeds from being successful in tropical regions where [[Ticks|ticks]] are endemic.
 +
**Occurs sporadically in the UK and Ireland causing losses of around £8 million per year
  
=== '''Life Cycle''' ===
+
'''Life Cycle'''
Both [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-stadial]] and [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-ovarian]] transmission occurs with each female [[Ticks|tick]] producing 3000 eggs and the [[Ticks|tick]] being the definitive host.
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*Both [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-stadial]] and [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-ovarian]] transmission occurs
  
''Babesia'' multiplies in the red blood cells by '''budding''' and it forms 2-4 daughter cells (species dependent).
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*Each female [[Ticks|tick]] produces 3000 eggs
Giemsa blood smears can differentiate between species using 'Difquik' stain.
+
 
 +
*The [[Ticks|tick]] is the definitive host
 +
 
 +
*''Babesia'' multiplies in the red blood cells by '''budding'''
 +
**Forms 2-4 daughter cells (species dependent)
 +
**Giemsa blood smears can differentiate between species using 'Difquik' stain
  
 
*''Babesia'' species are either small or large depending on the size of the daughter cells
 
*''Babesia'' species are either small or large depending on the size of the daughter cells
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*Antigen is released which adsorbs onto other red blood cells
 
*Antigen is released which adsorbs onto other red blood cells
**Causes haemolysis and [[Pigmentation - Pathology#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]]
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**Causes haemolysis and [[Pigmentation and Calcification - Pathology#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]]
 
**Causes haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria and fever
 
**Causes haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria and fever
  
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*'''Lower''' incidence of disease
 
*'''Lower''' incidence of disease
 
  
  
 
<big>'''[[Babesiosis - Cattle|Cattle Babesiosis]]
 
<big>'''[[Babesiosis - Cattle|Cattle Babesiosis]]
  
'''[[Babesia canis]]'''
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'''[[Babesiosis - Dogs|Dog Babesiosis]]
  
'''[[Babesiosis - Horse|Horse Babesiosis]]'''
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'''[[Babesiosis - Horse|Horse Babesiosis]]
  
 
'''[[Babesiosis - Small Ruminants|Sheep and Goat Babesiosis]]
 
'''[[Babesiosis - Small Ruminants|Sheep and Goat Babesiosis]]
 
</big>
 
</big>
  
*''Babesia bovis'' myositis
 
**In cattle
 
**Infrequent muscle [[Muscle Necrosis|necrosis]]
 
 
==Test yourself with the Piroplasmida Flashcards==
 
 
[[Piroplasmida_Flashcards|Piroplasmida Flashcards]]
 
  
 
[[Category:Piroplasmida]]
 
[[Category:Piroplasmida]]
  
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]]

Revision as of 22:17, 26 June 2010

Babesia Life Cycle Diagram - Dennis Jacobs & Mark Fox RVC
Babesia Life Cycle - Mariana Ruiz Villarreal
  • Infects a wide range of host species in different areas of the world
  • Babesiosis has severe effects on cattle production in parts of the world
    • Prevents European breeds from being successful in tropical regions where ticks are endemic.
    • Occurs sporadically in the UK and Ireland causing losses of around £8 million per year

Life Cycle

  • Each female tick produces 3000 eggs
  • The tick is the definitive host
  • Babesia multiplies in the red blood cells by budding
    • Forms 2-4 daughter cells (species dependent)
    • Giemsa blood smears can differentiate between species using 'Difquik' stain
  • Babesia species are either small or large depending on the size of the daughter cells
  • Small Babesia
    • E.g. B. divergens
    • E.g. B. gibsoni
    • Peripheral nucleus
    • Obtuse angle
  • Large Babesia
    • E.g. B. major
    • E.g. B. canis-complex
    • Central nucleus
    • Acute angle
  • Daughter cells disrupt the red blood cell and are released
    • Spread and infect other red blood cells
  • Antigen is released which adsorbs onto other red blood cells

Enzootic Instability

  • Low rate of transmission
  • Infrequent exposure
  • Immunity wanes or is completely absent in many individuals
  • Low levels of herd immunity
  • Higher incidence of disease

Enzootic Stability

  • High rate of transmission
  • Many infected ticks
  • Frequent exposure boosts immunity
  • High level of herd immunity
  • Lower incidence of disease


Cattle Babesiosis

Dog Babesiosis

Horse Babesiosis

Sheep and Goat Babesiosis