Difference between revisions of "Pseudomonas aeruginosa"

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*Causes opportunistic infections requiring predisposing factors
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{{Taxobox
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*Pathogenesis:
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|name              =''Pseudomonas aerginosa''
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**Grows on few nutrients and can survive certain disinfectants
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|phylum            =Proteobacteria
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**Toxins and enzymes such as exotoxin A, phospholipase C and proteases allow tissue invasion and damage
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|class              =Gamma Proteobacteria
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**Elastase damages elastin in lung parenchyma and blood vessel walls
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|order              =Pseudomonadales
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**Attachment to host cells via fimbrae
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|family            =Pseudomonadaceae
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**Resists phagocytosis and complement via its LPS
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|genus              =Pseudomonas
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**Obtains iron from tissues
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|species            =''P.aerginosa''
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*Clinical infections:
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}}
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**Haemorrhagic pneumonia and septicaemia in mink with 50% mortality via a [[Haemostasis - Pathology#Secondary Thrombocytopenic Disease|secondary thrombocytopenic disease]]
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[[File:Pseudomonas aer.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center> microscopic image of ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''.(Y_tambe
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**Bovine mastitis associated with contaminated water used for washing udders; also metritis, pneumonia, dermatitis and enteritis in cattle
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2005, Wikimedia commons)</center></small>]]
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**[[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Ovine fleece rot|Ovine fleece rot]] - suppurative dermatitis after penetration of water into fleece; wool discoloured by pyocyanin pigment; also mastitis, pneumonia, otitis media
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==Overview==
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**Necrotic stomatitis in captive reptiles
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''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' is a species of the ''[[Pseudomonas species - Overview|pseudomonas]]'' genus. It causes opportunistic infections requiring predisposing factors.
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**Respiratory infections and otitis in pigs
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**Genital tract infections, pneumonia, ulcerative keratitis in horses
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==Pathogenesis==
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**Otitis externa, cystitis, pneumonia, ulcerative keratitis in dogs and cats
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''P.aeruginosa'' grows on few nutrients and can survive certain disinfectants. The bacteria has toxins and enzymes such as exotoxin A, phospholipase C and proteases that allow tissue invasion and damage. Elastase damages elastin in lung parenchyma and blood vessel walls. ''P.aeruginosa'' attaches to host cells via fimbrae and resists phagocytosis and complement via its LPS. It obtains iron from tissues.
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**Causes [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Deep pyoderma|deep pyoderma]]
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*Diagnosis:
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'''Mink'''
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**Specimens should include pus, respiratory aspirates, mid-stream urine and ear swabs
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**Identify colonies on blood and MacConkey agar
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''P.aeruginosa'' causes haemorrhagic pneumonia and septicaemia in mink with 50% mortality via a [[Platelet Abnormalities|secondary thrombocytopenic disease]].
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**Oxidative not fermentative
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**Only grow in aerobic conditions
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'''Cows'''
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**Produces diffusable pigments including pyocyanin, a green pigment, and  fluorescine
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**Grow on MacConkey agar; colonies have a fruity odour; lactose negative, pale colonies on MacConkey
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''P.aeruginosa'' causes [[Mastitis|bovine mastitis]] associated with contaminated water used for washing udders; also metritis, pneumonia, dermatitis and [[:Category:Intestine - Inflammatory Pathology|enteritis]] in cattle.
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*Treatment:
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**Multiple antibiotic resistance mediated by large plasmids carrying resistance genes and also chromosomal genes and mutations
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'''Sheep'''
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**Gentamicin or tobramycin with carbenicillin or ticarcillin, as well as polymyxin B are effective
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''P.aeruginosa'' causes [[Ovine Fleece Rot|ovine fleece rot]], also mastitis, pneumonia and otitis media.
 
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'''Reptiles'''
 
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''P.aeruginosa'' causes necrotic stomatitis in captive reptiles.
 
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'''Pigs'''
 
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''P.aeruginosa'' causes respiratory infections and otitis in pigs.
 
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'''Horses'''
 
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''P.aeruginosa'' causes genital tract infections, pneumonia and ulcerative keratitis in horses.
 
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'''Dogs and cats'''
 
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''P.aeruginosa'' causes [[Otitis Externa - Cat and Dog|otitis externa]], [[Cystitis|cystitis]], pneumonia and ulcerative keratitis in dogs and cats.
 
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It can also cause [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Deep pyoderma|deep pyoderma]] in all species.
 
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==Diagnosis==
 
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Specimens for diagnosis should include; pus, respiratory aspirates, mid-stream urine and ear swabs. Colonies can be identified on blood and MacConkey agar and are oxidative, not fermentative. The colonies only grow in aerobic conditions and produce diffusable pigments including pyocyanin, a green pigment, and  fluorescine. On MacConkey agar, colonies have a fruity odour, are lactose negative and are pale in colour.
 
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==Treatment==
 
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''P.aeruginosa'' bacteria have multiple antibiotic resistance, mediated by large plasmids carrying resistance genes and also chromosomal genes and mutations. Gentamicin or tobramycin with carbenicillin or ticarcillin, as well as polymyxin B are effective.
 
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{{Learning
 
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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Pseudomonas+aeruginosa%22%29+AND+od%3A%28Mink%29 ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' in mink publications]
 
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[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Pseudomonas+aeruginosa%22%29+AND+od%3A%28cattle%29 ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' in cattle publications]
 
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[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Pseudomonas+aeruginosa%22%29+AND+od%3A%28sheep%29 ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' in sheep publications]
 
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[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28%28title%3A%28%22Pseudomonas+aeruginosa%22%29+AND+up%3A%28reptiles%29%29%29+OR+%28%28title%3A%28%22Pseudomonas+aeruginosa%22%29+AND+od%3A%28reptiles%29%29%29 ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' in reptiles publications]
 
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[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Pseudomonas+aeruginosa%22%29+AND+od%3A%28pigs%29  ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' in pigs publications]
 
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[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Pseudomonas+aeruginosa%22%29+AND+od%3A%28horses%29 ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' in horses publications]
 
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[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Pseudomonas+aeruginosa%22%29+AND+%28od%3A%28dogs%29+OR+od%3A%28cats%29%29 ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' in dogs and cats publications]
 
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[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Pseudomonas+aeruginosa%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=31&y=4 ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' publications since 2000]
 
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}}
 
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{{review}}
 
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==Webinars==
 
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<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/antimicrobial-resistance/webinars/feed</rss>
 
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[[Category:Pseudomonas_and_Burkholderia_species]]
 
[[Category:Pseudomonas_and_Burkholderia_species]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Workshop]]
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[[Category:Expert_Review]]
 

Revision as of 09:55, 30 June 2010

  • Causes opportunistic infections requiring predisposing factors
  • Pathogenesis:
    • Grows on few nutrients and can survive certain disinfectants
    • Toxins and enzymes such as exotoxin A, phospholipase C and proteases allow tissue invasion and damage
    • Elastase damages elastin in lung parenchyma and blood vessel walls
    • Attachment to host cells via fimbrae
    • Resists phagocytosis and complement via its LPS
    • Obtains iron from tissues
  • Clinical infections:
    • Haemorrhagic pneumonia and septicaemia in mink with 50% mortality via a secondary thrombocytopenic disease
    • Bovine mastitis associated with contaminated water used for washing udders; also metritis, pneumonia, dermatitis and enteritis in cattle
    • Ovine fleece rot - suppurative dermatitis after penetration of water into fleece; wool discoloured by pyocyanin pigment; also mastitis, pneumonia, otitis media
    • Necrotic stomatitis in captive reptiles
    • Respiratory infections and otitis in pigs
    • Genital tract infections, pneumonia, ulcerative keratitis in horses
    • Otitis externa, cystitis, pneumonia, ulcerative keratitis in dogs and cats
    • Causes deep pyoderma
  • Diagnosis:
    • Specimens should include pus, respiratory aspirates, mid-stream urine and ear swabs
    • Identify colonies on blood and MacConkey agar
    • Oxidative not fermentative
    • Only grow in aerobic conditions
    • Produces diffusable pigments including pyocyanin, a green pigment, and fluorescine
    • Grow on MacConkey agar; colonies have a fruity odour; lactose negative, pale colonies on MacConkey
  • Treatment:
    • Multiple antibiotic resistance mediated by large plasmids carrying resistance genes and also chromosomal genes and mutations
    • Gentamicin or tobramycin with carbenicillin or ticarcillin, as well as polymyxin B are effective
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