Difference between revisions of "Arterial Diseases - WikiClinical"
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| − | + | {{review}} | |
| + | {{toplink | ||
| + | |backcolour = | ||
| + | |linkpage =Cardiology - WikiClinical | ||
| + | |linktext =Cardiology | ||
| + | |sublink1=Cardiovascular Conditions - WikiClinical | ||
| + | |subtext1=CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS | ||
| + | |maplink1= Cardiovascular Conditions (Content Map) - WikiClinical | ||
| + | |pagetype=Clinical | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | {{dog}}{{cat}} | ||
| + | ==[[Hypertension, Systemic]]== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Pulmonary Hypertension]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==[[Thrombosis]]== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==[[Thromboembolism]]== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==Arteriovenous Fistula== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Description=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *As the name implies, an arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal direct connection between an artery and a vein. This connection causes the capillary circulation to be completely ignored. We will concentrate on peripheral fistulas here. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | '''The consequences of an arteriovenous fistula are the following:''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1. Increased blood return to the right heart raises cardiac output | ||
| + | |||
| + | 2. Decreased blood perfusion at the affected site | ||
| + | |||
| + | 3. Venous hypertension | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | *Predisposing causes of arteriovenous fistula formations are: trauma, surgery, neoplasia, etc. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===Diagnosis=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====History & Clinical Signs==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Signs depend on where the AV fistula has formed. | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Subcutaneous edema | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Warm Swelling | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Inflammation | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Pain +/- | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Palpable vibration (thrill) over fistula | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Increased pulse & heart rate | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Audible continuous murmur over the fistula site | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Branham sign (decreased heart rate with surgical occlusion of blood flow to fistula) | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ====Angiography==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Abnormal direct connection between an artery and a vein | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ====Ultrasonography==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Abnormal flow visualized | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===Treatment=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Surgical ligation of abnormal vessels to and from the fistula area | ||
| + | |||
| + | -(+/-) Amputation | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===Prognosis=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Good with complete ligation and cessation of blood flow through the fistula | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Poor if surgical ligation is unsuccessful at stopping blood flow through the fistula | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==Vasculitis== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Description=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Vasculitis is an inflammatory disease of the vessels. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Causes of vessel inflammation are due to the following: neoplasia, infection, toxins, drug reactions, trauma, drug reactions, hypersensativity reactions etc. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===Diagnosis=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====History & Clinical Signs==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Heat | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Edema | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Pain | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Petechiation | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Thrombosis | ||
| + | |||
| + | -Hemolysis | ||
Revision as of 14:41, 1 July 2010
 |
This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing. |
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Hypertension, Systemic
Pulmonary Hypertension
Thrombosis
Thromboembolism
Arteriovenous Fistula
Description
- As the name implies, an arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal direct connection between an artery and a vein. This connection causes the capillary circulation to be completely ignored. We will concentrate on peripheral fistulas here.
The consequences of an arteriovenous fistula are the following:
1. Increased blood return to the right heart raises cardiac output
2. Decreased blood perfusion at the affected site
3. Venous hypertension
- Predisposing causes of arteriovenous fistula formations are: trauma, surgery, neoplasia, etc.
Diagnosis
History & Clinical Signs
- Signs depend on where the AV fistula has formed.
-Subcutaneous edema
-Warm Swelling
-Inflammation
-Pain +/-
-Palpable vibration (thrill) over fistula
-Increased pulse & heart rate
-Audible continuous murmur over the fistula site
-Branham sign (decreased heart rate with surgical occlusion of blood flow to fistula)
Angiography
-Abnormal direct connection between an artery and a vein
Ultrasonography
-Abnormal flow visualized
Treatment
-Surgical ligation of abnormal vessels to and from the fistula area
-(+/-) Amputation
Prognosis
-Good with complete ligation and cessation of blood flow through the fistula
-Poor if surgical ligation is unsuccessful at stopping blood flow through the fistula
Vasculitis
Description
- Vasculitis is an inflammatory disease of the vessels.
- Causes of vessel inflammation are due to the following: neoplasia, infection, toxins, drug reactions, trauma, drug reactions, hypersensativity reactions etc.
Diagnosis
History & Clinical Signs
-Heat
-Edema
-Pain
-Petechiation
-Thrombosis
-Hemolysis