Difference between revisions of "Arterial Diseases - WikiClinical"

Revision as of 14:44, 1 July 2010

CARDIOLOGY ()Map CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS (Map)

Causes of vessel inflammation are due to the following: neoplasia, infection, toxins, drug reactions, trauma, drug reactions, hypersensativity reactions etc.

-Heat

-Edema

-Pain

-Petechiation

-Thrombosis

-Hemolysis

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
-==Arteriovenous Fistula==
+==[[Arteriovenous Fistula]]==
-===Description===
-*As the name implies, an arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal direct connection between an artery and a vein.  This connection causes the capillary circulation to be completely ignored.  We will concentrate on peripheral fistulas here.
-'''The consequences of an arteriovenous fistula are the following:'''
-. Increased blood return to the right heart raises cardiac output
-. Decreased blood perfusion at the affected site
-. Venous hypertension
-*Predisposing causes of arteriovenous fistula formations are: trauma, surgery, neoplasia, etc.
-===Diagnosis===
-====History & Clinical Signs====
-*Signs depend on where the AV fistula has formed.
--Subcutaneous edema
--Warm Swelling
--Inflammation
--Pain +/-
--Palpable vibration (thrill) over fistula
--Increased pulse & heart rate
--Audible continuous murmur over the fistula site
--Branham sign (decreased heart rate with surgical occlusion of blood flow to fistula)
-====Angiography====
--Abnormal direct connection between an artery and a vein
-====Ultrasonography====
--Abnormal flow visualized
-===Treatment===
--Surgical ligation of abnormal vessels to and from the fistula area
--(+/-) Amputation
-===Prognosis===
--Good with complete ligation and cessation of blood flow through the fistula
--Poor if surgical ligation is unsuccessful at stopping blood flow through the fistula