Difference between revisions of "Anal Sacculitis"

Revision as of 22:26, 5 July 2010

Signalment

See Anal Sac Disease - General

Description

Infection of the anal sac leading to an abscess or cellulitis.

Diagnosis

History and Clinical Signs

See Anal Sac Disease - General
The sacs are painful
Fever if the sacculitis is severe
Contents of the anal sac may appear bloody, purulent and may be increased in volume
If it ruptures, the tracts will be at the 4 or 8 o'clock positions
It may be difficult to express the anal sac

Treatment

Due to the pain, sedation or general anaesthetic may be needed to allow expression. After expression the sacs should be flushed follwoing cannulation. The glands can be flushed using:

Lactated Ringer's
Mild antiseptic solution such as 0.05% chlorhexidine.
Following flushing, antibiotics should be used either systemically or topically (with or wothout the use of a corticosteroid)

The flushing may need to repeated at 10-14day intervals until resolution.

May require anal sacculectomy of which an open technique is preferable

Prognosis

Is usually good

References

Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition) BSAVA

Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C. G. (2009) Small Animal Internal Medicine (4th Edition) Mosby Elsevier

Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual

Foster, A. and Foil, C. (2003) BSAVA Manual of Small Animal Dermatology (2nd Edition) BSAVA

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{review}}
-==Description==
+{{dog}}
-Infection and Inflammation of the anal sac leading to [[Anal Sac Abscessation | Anal Sac abscess]] or cellulitis. Anal sacculitis can have a variety of predisposing factors including obesity, diet, skin disease, colitis and perianal swelling.
+{{cat}}
 ==Signalment==
-A common condition of older small breed dogs, particularly chihuhuas and poodles.
+See [[Anal Sac Disease - General|Anal Sac Disease - General]]
+==Description==
+Infection of the anal sac leading to an abscess or cellulitis.
 ==Diagnosis==
 ===History and Clinical Signs===
+*See [[Anal Sac Disease - General]]
-The anal sacs are enlarged and inflamed and often painful. Typically owners report that the animal has been licking the perineal region and scooting. Contents of the anal sac may appear bloody, purulent and may be increased in volume, fever may be present if the sacculitis is severe. If the anal sac ruptures, the tracts will be at the 4 or 8 o'clock positions. See [[Anal Sac Disease - General]] for further signs.
+*The sacs are painful
+*Fever if the sacculitis is severe
+*Contents of the anal sac may appear bloody, purulent and may be increased in volume
+*If it ruptures, the tracts will be at the 4 or 8 o'clock positions
+*It may be difficult to express the anal sac
 ==Treatment==
-Due to the pain, sedation or general anaesthetic may be needed to allow expression. After expression the sacs should be flushed following cannulation. The glands can be flushed using:
+Due to the pain, sedation or general anaesthetic may be needed to allow expression. After expression the sacs should be flushed follwoing cannulation. The glands can be flushed using:
 *Lactated Ringer's
 *Mild antiseptic solution such as 0.05% chlorhexidine.
-Following flushing, antibiotics should be used either systemically or topically (with or without the use of a corticosteroid).
+*Following flushing, antibiotics should be used either systemically or topically (with or wothout the use of a corticosteroid)
-The flushing may need to be repeated at 10-14day intervals until resolution. If recurrent episodes occur anal sacculectomy is indicated. This surgery involves careful dissection and removal of both anal sacs. Two techniques are described 1) closed and 2) open. When performing the closed technique the external anal sphincter muscle is not transected and the lumen of the anal sac remains closed;  hence decreasing the chance of faecal incontinence and local infection following surgery.  Inflammation and fibrosis of the perineal region should be treated prior to surgery as this will also decrease the surgical risk of anal sphincter damage and resultant faecal incontinence.
+The flushing may need to repeated at 10-14day intervals until resolution.
-The main complications of this procedure include faecal incontinence which may be temporary or permanent, scooting, inflammation, infection, dehiscence, tenesmus, rectal prolapse, fistulation, haematochezia, stricture formation and seroma formation.
+*May require anal sacculectomy of which an open technique is preferable
 ==Prognosis==
-Is usually good.
+Is usually good
-{{Learning
-|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Anal&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=Sacculitis&occuring2=title&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=51&y=14&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all Anal Sacculitis publications]
-|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis00660.asp Anal Sacculitis]
-}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 33: / Line 35: @@
 Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C. G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (4th Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''
-Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition) Merial
+Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual'''
 Foster, A. and Foil, C. (2003) '''BSAVA Manual of Small Animal Dermatology (2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''
+[[Category:Recto-Anal_-_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
-Fossum, T.W. (2007) '''Small Animal Surgery''' (3rd edition) ''Mosby Elsevier''
+[[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]
-{{review}}
-==Webinars==
-<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/internal-medicine/webinars/feed</rss>
-[[Category:Recto-Anal_-_Pathology]]
-[[Category:Rectal and Anal Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Rectal and Anal Diseases - Dog]]
-[[Category:Expert_Review]]