Difference between revisions of "Equine Viral Encephalitis"

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Also known as: '''''Equine viral encephalomyelitis — Equine viral encephalitides — Equine viral encephalomyelitides'''''
 
  
==Introduction==
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====Description====
Viral diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of equidae causing encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Most commonly involves [[Equine Togaviral Encephalitis]].
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Viral diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of equidae causing encephalitis or meningoencephalitis.
  
==Aetiology==
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====Aetiology====
 
Infection with any of the following viruses can cause CNS disease in horses:
 
Infection with any of the following viruses can cause CNS disease in horses:
  
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*Cache Valley Virus
 
*Cache Valley Virus
 
Family Bunyaviridae, Genus ''Orthobunyavirus''
 
Family Bunyaviridae, Genus ''Orthobunyavirus''
*California Encephalitis viruses <ref>Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
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*California Encephalitis viruses
 
**Snowshoe Hare Virus
 
**Snowshoe Hare Virus
 
**Jamestown Canyon Virus
 
**Jamestown Canyon Virus
 
*Main Drain Virus
 
*Main Drain Virus
Family [[:Category:Flaviviridae|Flaviviridae]], Genus [[:Category:Flaviviruses|''Flavivirus'']]
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Family Flaviviridae, Genus ''Flavivirus''
*[[Japanese Encephalitis Virus]]
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*Japanese Encephalitis Virus  
*Kunjin Virus
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*West Nile Virus (WNV) **
*[[Louping Ill|Louping Ill Virus]]
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*Kunjin virus
 
*Murray Valley Virus
 
*Murray Valley Virus
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*St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
 
*Powassan virus
 
*Powassan virus
*St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
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Family Paramyxoviridae, Genus ''Henipavirus''
*[[West Nile Virus|West Nile Virus (WNV) **]]
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*Nipah virus
Family [[:Category:Paramyxoviridae|Paramyxoviridae]], Genus ''Henipavirus''
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Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus ''Lyssavirus''
*[[Nipah Virus]]
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*Rabies Virus  
Family [[:Category:Rhabdoviridae|Rhabdoviridae]], Genus ''Lyssavirus''
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Family Reoviridae, Genus ''Orbivirus''
*[[Rabies]] Virus  
 
Family [[:Category:Reoviridae|Reoviridae]], Genus ''Orbivirus''
 
 
*Equine Encephalosis Virus
 
*Equine Encephalosis Virus
[[:Category:Togaviridae|Family Togaviridae]], Genus [[Equine Encephalitis Virus|''Alphavirus'']]
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[[Equine Togaviral Encephalitis|Family Togaviridae]], Genus ''Alphavirus''
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*[[Equine Togaviral Encephalitis|Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEV)]] **
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*[[Equine Togaviral Encephalitis|Western EEV]] **
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*[[Equine Togaviral Encephalitis|Venezuelan EEV]] **
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Other viruses implicated in equine encephalitis:
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*Louping Ill Virus
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*Maguari Virus
 
*Aura Virus
 
*Aura Virus
*Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEV) **
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*Una Virus
*Western EEV **
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*[[Equine Encephalitis Virus|Highlands J Virus]]
*Venezuelan EEV **
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*Semliki Forest Virus
*Highlands J Virus
 
 
*Getah Virus
 
*Getah Virus
*Semliki Forest Virus
 
*Ross River Virus
 
*Una Virus
 
 
Other viruses implicated in equine encephalitis:
 
*Maguari Virus<ref>Calisher, C.H, Monath, T.P, Sabattini, M.S, Mitchell, C.J, Lazuick, J.S, Tesh, R.B, Cropp, C.B (1987) A newly recognised vesiculovirus, Calchaqui virus, and subtypes of Melao and Maguari viruses from Argentina, with serologic evidence for infections of humans and horses, ''Am J Trop Med Hyg'', 36:114-119.  In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
 
 
==Legislation==
 
Diseases caused by some of the viruses listed above (**) are subject to The Infectious Diseases of Horses Order 1987.  "''The Order, which revoked and replaced earlier legislation, makes these diseases compulsorily notifiable: it gives an inspector powers to declare an infected place where disease is suspected; to carry out a veterinary inquiry, prohibits the movement of horses carcases and other things onto or off the premises and requires cleansing and disinfection''".  Council Directive 90/426 describes all cases of equine encephalomyelitis (regardless of cause) as compulsorily notifiable to the EU.<ref>http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/viralenceph/index.htm</ref>
 
 
{{Learning
 
|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2005/20053177514.pdf ''' Update on viral encephalitis, encephalomyelitis and myeloencephalopathy.''' Traub-Dargatz, J.; Eastern States Veterinary Association, Gainesville, USA, Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference. Large animal. Volume 19, Orlando, Florida, USA, 8-12 January, 2005, 2005, pp 274-278, 10 ref.]
 
}}
 
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
 
  
{{review}}
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====Legislation====
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Diseases caused by some of the viruses listed above (**) are subject to the infectious Diseases of Horses Order 1987.  "''The Order, which revoked and replaced earlier legislation, makes these diseases compulsorily notifiable: it gives an inspector powers to declare an infected place where disease is suspected; to carry out a veterinary inquiry, prohibits the movement of horses carcases and other things onto or off the premises and requires cleansing and disinfection''".  Council Directive 90/426 describes all cases of equine encephalomyelitis (regardless of cause) as compulsorily notifiable to the EU.
  
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====References====
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Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.
  
[[Category:Expert_Review]]
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[[Category:Togaviridae]]
[[Category:Neurological Diseases - Horse]]
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[[Category:Horse]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Viruses]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Nina]]

Revision as of 16:31, 7 July 2010



Description

Viral diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of equidae causing encephalitis or meningoencephalitis.

Aetiology

Infection with any of the following viruses can cause CNS disease in horses:

Family Bornaviridae, Genus Bornavirus

  • Borna Disease Virus

Family Bunyaviridae, Genus Bunyamweravirus

  • Cache Valley Virus

Family Bunyaviridae, Genus Orthobunyavirus

  • California Encephalitis viruses
    • Snowshoe Hare Virus
    • Jamestown Canyon Virus
  • Main Drain Virus

Family Flaviviridae, Genus Flavivirus

  • Japanese Encephalitis Virus
  • West Nile Virus (WNV) **
  • Kunjin virus
  • Murray Valley Virus
  • St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
  • Powassan virus

Family Paramyxoviridae, Genus Henipavirus

  • Nipah virus

Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus Lyssavirus

  • Rabies Virus

Family Reoviridae, Genus Orbivirus

  • Equine Encephalosis Virus

Family Togaviridae, Genus Alphavirus


Other viruses implicated in equine encephalitis:

  • Louping Ill Virus
  • Maguari Virus
  • Aura Virus
  • Una Virus
  • Highlands J Virus
  • Semliki Forest Virus
  • Getah Virus

Legislation

Diseases caused by some of the viruses listed above (**) are subject to the infectious Diseases of Horses Order 1987. "The Order, which revoked and replaced earlier legislation, makes these diseases compulsorily notifiable: it gives an inspector powers to declare an infected place where disease is suspected; to carry out a veterinary inquiry, prohibits the movement of horses carcases and other things onto or off the premises and requires cleansing and disinfection". Council Directive 90/426 describes all cases of equine encephalomyelitis (regardless of cause) as compulsorily notifiable to the EU.

References

Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) Equine Internal Medicine (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 12.