Difference between revisions of "Angiostrongylus vasorum"

Revision as of 11:12, 20 July 2010

Also known as:

Haemostrongylus vasorum

Scientific Classification

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Nematoda
Class	Secernentea
Order	Strongylida
Family	Metastrongylidae
Genus	Angiostrongylus
Species	A. vasorum

Hosts

Definitive host: Dogs and foxes. Intermediate host: Mainly snails and slugs.

Identification

The adults are slender, and measure around 2cm in length. The males have a small bursa.

Life Cycle

The adults are ovo-viviparous. The adults lay eggs in the pulmonary arteries. The eggs then hatch in the capillaries. The first stage larvae migrate into the alveoli and then the trachea. They are swallowed, enter the intestinal system and are then past in the faeces. The intermediate host then become infected, which later infect the definitive host.

The larvae the develop into the definitive host, and migrate via the mesenteric lymph nodes, and the blood where they affect the heart, primarily the right ventricle.

Epidemiology

Once restricted to Southern Ireland and Cornwall, this lungworm is spreading across the British Isles and is now endemic in the South-East. The fox may act as a reservoir of infection.

Angiostrongylosis

Clinical signs of angiostrongylosis are associated with:
- accumulating lung damage caused by eggs and larvae (respiratory distress)
- coagulation disorders caused by adult worms (bruising, haematomas, e.g. in spinal cord)
Diagnosis: demonstration of large numbers of L1 in faeces (with Barmann technique).

Treatment of Lungworms in Dogs and Cats

Angiostrongylus vasorum is easy to treat with suitable anthelmintics, but the others require high daily doses of benzimidazoles for 3-7days.
Two or more courses of treatment may be necessary (with a rest period between each).

Adult worms live in the pulmonary arteries and right side of the heart dogs and foxes
Cause a proliferative endoarteritis
More severe damage is caused however by eggs lodging in arterioles and capillaries
In severe infection, this can result in pneumonia and pulmonary oedema as an acute syndrome
Circulatory impedance can result in congestive cardiac failure
Particularly a problem if dogs eats snails
Gross:
- Patchy white appearance with haemorrhagic areas within
Microscopically:
- Golden pigment within macrophages (haemosiderin)
- Inflammation and scarring of alveolar walls -> enlargement of remaining air spaces
Worms secrete anticoagulant -> haemorrhage in other parts of body
May present as neurological cases due to the haemorrhage
May cause pulmonary thromboembolism

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{OpenPagesTop}}
+{{unfinished}}
-{{Taxobox
-|name               =''Angiostrongylus vasorum
-|kingdom            =Animalia
-|phylum             =[[:Category:Nematodes|Nematoda]]
-|class              =Secernentea
-|sub-class          =
-|order              =Strongylida
-|super-family       =[[:Category:Metastrongyloidea|Metastrongyloidea]]
-|family             =[[:Category:Angiostrongylidae|Angiostrongylidae]]
-|sub-family         =
-|genus              =Angiostrongylus
-|species            ='''''A. vasorum'''''
-}}
-Also known as: '''''Haemostrongylus vasorum
+{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
+| Also known as:
+| '''Haemostrongylus vasorum
+|-
+|}
+===Scientific Classification===
+{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
+| Kingdom
+| Animalia
+|-
+| Phylum
+| Nematoda
+|-
+| Class
+| Secernentea
+|-
+| Order
+| Strongylida
+|-
+| Family
+| Metastrongylidae
+|-
+| Genus
+| Angiostrongylus
+|-
+| Species
+| '''A. vasorum'''
+|}
 ==Hosts==
 '''Definitive host''': Dogs and foxes.
 '''Intermediate host''': Mainly snails and slugs.
-It exists mainly in Western Europe - not established in the USA.
 ==Identification==
-''Angiostrongylus vasorum'' is a parasite of the family [[Angiostrongylidae]].  The adults are slender, and measure around 2cm in length.  The males have a small bursa.
+The adults are slender, and measure around 2cm in length.  The males have a small bursa.
 ==Life Cycle==
-The adults are ovo-viviparous.  The adults lay eggs in the pulmonary arteries.  The eggs then hatch in the capillaries.  The first stage larvae migrate into the alveoli and then the trachea.  They are swallowed, enter the intestinal system and are then passed in the faeces.  The intermediate host then becomes infected, which later infects the definitive host.
+The adults are ovo-viviparous.  The adults lay eggs in the pulmonary arteries.  The eggs then hatch in the capillaries.  The first stage larvae migrate into the alveoli and then the trachea.  They are swallowed, enter the intestinal system and are then past in the faeces.  The intermediate host then become infected, which later infect the definitive host.
+The larvae the develop into the definitive host, and migrate via the mesenteric lymph nodes, and the blood where they affect the heart, primarily the right ventricle.
+==== Epidemiology ====
+Once restricted to Southern Ireland and Cornwall, this lungworm is spreading across the British Isles and is now endemic in the South-East. The fox may act as a reservoir of infection.
+=== Angiostrongylosis ===
+*Clinical signs of angiostrongylosis are associated with:
+**accumulating lung damage caused by eggs and larvae (respiratory distress)
+**coagulation disorders caused by adult worms (bruising, haematomas, e.g. in spinal cord)
+*Diagnosis: demonstration of large numbers of L1 in faeces (with Barmann technique).
-The larvae then develop in the definitive host, and migrate via the mesenteric lymph nodes, and the blood where they affect the heart, primarily the right ventricle.
+=== Treatment of Lungworms in Dogs and Cats ===
+*''Angiostrongylus vasorum'' is easy to treat with suitable anthelmintics, but the others require high daily doses of benzimidazoles for 3-7days.
+*Two or more courses of treatment may be necessary (with a rest period between each).
-Adults establish within the pulmonary arterial tree and can lead to pulmonary thrombosis  and pulmonary hypertension. The clinical disease is '''[[Angiostrongylosis]]'''.
-{{Learning
-|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Angiostrongylus+vasorum%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=57&y=11&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Angiostrongylus vasorum'' publications]
-|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=nematode Nematodes]
-}}
+*Adult worms live in the [[Lungs Circulatory - Pathology|pulmonary arteries]] and '''right side of the heart''' dogs and foxes
+*Cause a proliferative endoarteritis
+*More severe damage is caused however by eggs lodging in arterioles and capillaries
+*In severe infection, this can result in [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] and [[Lungs Circulatory - Pathology#Pulmonary oedema|pulmonary oedema]] as an acute syndrome
+*Circulatory impedance can result in congestive cardiac failure
+*Particularly a problem if dogs eats snails
+*Gross:
+**Patchy white appearance with haemorrhagic areas within
+*Microscopically:
+**Golden pigment within macrophages (haemosiderin)
+**Inflammation and scarring of alveolar walls -> enlargement of remaining air spaces
+*Worms secrete anticoagulant -> haemorrhage in other parts of body
+*May present as neurological cases due to the haemorrhage
+*May cause [[Lungs Circulatory - Pathology#Embolism, thrombosis and infarction|pulmonary thromboembolism]]
-{{review}}
-{{OpenPages}}
+[[Category:Metastrongyloidea]][[Category:Dog_Nematodes]][[Category:To_Do_-_Max]]
-[[Category:Angiostrongylidae]][[Category:Dog_Nematodes]]
+[[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]][[Category:Dog]]
-[[Category:Expert_Review]]