Difference between revisions of "Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma"
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| − | == | + | ===Description=== |
| + | Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex includes three types of lesions: | ||
| + | 1)Eosinophilic ulcer which present as a well circumscribed, erythematous ulcer on the lip or oral mucosa of middle-aged cats. 2)Eosinophilic plaques which present as raised erythematous lesions on the skin of the medial thighs and abdomen. or 3)Eosinophilic granuloma which present on the posterior aspect of the rear legs of young cats and also found on the tongue, palate and oral mucosa. | ||
| − | + | Eosinophilic granulomas of the oral cavity appear as yellow/pink raised linear lesions. They can occur on the oral mucosa, hard palate mucosa, soft palate, or the base of the tongue. Cats with eosinophilic lesions of the mouth often have concurrent skin lesions. | |
| − | + | The cause of feline eosinophilic granuloma is unknown but it has been associated with food and insect bite allergies, atopy, immunosuppression, bacteral and viral infections. | |
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| − | + | === Signalment=== | |
| + | More commonly found in young cats (2-6 years) and also more common in females than males. | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | ==Diagnosis== | ||
| + | An ulcerated mass may be found at the base of the tongue or on the hard palate, the glossopalatine arches or anywhere else in the mouth as described above. | ||
| + | Additionally biopsies can be undertaken and a definite diagnosis can be made following histology. | ||
| − | == | + | ===Clinical Signs=== |
| − | + | *dysphagia | |
| + | *halitosis | ||
| + | *+/- anorexia | ||
| − | == | + | ===Laboratory tests=== |
| + | *Peripheral blood [[Changes in Inflammatory Cells Circulating in Blood - Pathology#Eosinophilia|eosinophilia]] may be present. | ||
| − | + | ===Biopsy=== | |
| + | *A deep biopsy specimen of the mass is required for a definitive diagnosis | ||
| + | *Histology reveals an eosinophilic tissue infiltrate | ||
| − | == | + | ==Treatment== |
| − | + | *'''Medical''' | |
| + | **Control ectoparasites | ||
| + | **Diet trial and skin testing may be carried out to rule out food allergy and atopy | ||
| + | **[[Antibiotics]] if there is evidence of a bacterial infection | ||
| + | **[[Steroids|Corticosteroid]] therapy if the patient is refractory to the above. Treatment should be tapered gradually once a response is seen then discontinued once signs have completely disappeared. | ||
| + | **Chlorambucil may be useful in resistent cases | ||
| − | + | *'''Surgical''' | |
| + | **Surgical excision is required for large lesions that interfere with breathing or swallowing. | ||
| + | ==Prognosis== | ||
| + | *Good but the lesion can recur. | ||
| + | ==References== | ||
| − | + | *Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry (3rd Edition)''' ''BSAVA'' | |
| − | + | *Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier'' | |
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| − | + | ==From Pathology== | |
| − | + | This is a complex of diseases affecting skin and [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] mainly of cat, which include: | |
| − | + | #Oral eosinophilic granuloma | |
| − | + | #Linear granuloma of skin | |
| − | + | #Eosinophilic plaque of skin | |
| − | == | + | ====Clinical==== |
| + | *Any age, but usually young adults. | ||
| + | *Mainly affects [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lips]], may also occasionally affect '''frenulum of [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]]'''. | ||
| + | *Sometimes called "rodent ulcer " | ||
| + | *Not neoplastic - it is an inflammatory disease but is '''progressive and destructive'''. | ||
| − | + | *May see small plaque or becomes very '''infiltrative'''. | |
| + | *In worst cases may erode away whole nose. | ||
| − | + | ====Pathogenesis==== | |
| + | *Histologically lots of eosinophils, polymorphs. | ||
| + | *Exaggerated eosinophilic response. | ||
| + | [[Category:Oral_Cavity_and_Gingiva_-_Pathology]][[Category:Cat]] | ||
| − | + | [[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]] | |
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Revision as of 14:53, 2 August 2010
 |
This article is still under construction. |
Description
Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex includes three types of lesions: 1)Eosinophilic ulcer which present as a well circumscribed, erythematous ulcer on the lip or oral mucosa of middle-aged cats. 2)Eosinophilic plaques which present as raised erythematous lesions on the skin of the medial thighs and abdomen. or 3)Eosinophilic granuloma which present on the posterior aspect of the rear legs of young cats and also found on the tongue, palate and oral mucosa.
Eosinophilic granulomas of the oral cavity appear as yellow/pink raised linear lesions. They can occur on the oral mucosa, hard palate mucosa, soft palate, or the base of the tongue. Cats with eosinophilic lesions of the mouth often have concurrent skin lesions.
The cause of feline eosinophilic granuloma is unknown but it has been associated with food and insect bite allergies, atopy, immunosuppression, bacteral and viral infections.
Signalment
More commonly found in young cats (2-6 years) and also more common in females than males.
Diagnosis
An ulcerated mass may be found at the base of the tongue or on the hard palate, the glossopalatine arches or anywhere else in the mouth as described above. Additionally biopsies can be undertaken and a definite diagnosis can be made following histology.
Clinical Signs
- dysphagia
- halitosis
- +/- anorexia
Laboratory tests
- Peripheral blood eosinophilia may be present.
Biopsy
- A deep biopsy specimen of the mass is required for a definitive diagnosis
- Histology reveals an eosinophilic tissue infiltrate
Treatment
- Medical
- Control ectoparasites
- Diet trial and skin testing may be carried out to rule out food allergy and atopy
- Antibiotics if there is evidence of a bacterial infection
- Corticosteroid therapy if the patient is refractory to the above. Treatment should be tapered gradually once a response is seen then discontinued once signs have completely disappeared.
- Chlorambucil may be useful in resistent cases
- Surgical
- Surgical excision is required for large lesions that interfere with breathing or swallowing.
Prognosis
- Good but the lesion can recur.
References
- Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry (3rd Edition) BSAVA
- Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition) Mosby Elsevier
From Pathology
This is a complex of diseases affecting skin and oral cavity mainly of cat, which include:
- Oral eosinophilic granuloma
- Linear granuloma of skin
- Eosinophilic plaque of skin
Clinical
- Any age, but usually young adults.
- Mainly affects lips, may also occasionally affect frenulum of tongue.
- Sometimes called "rodent ulcer "
- Not neoplastic - it is an inflammatory disease but is progressive and destructive.
- May see small plaque or becomes very infiltrative.
- In worst cases may erode away whole nose.
Pathogenesis
- Histologically lots of eosinophils, polymorphs.
- Exaggerated eosinophilic response.