|
|
| (12 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | {{OpenPagesTop}}
| + | * Monocytosis -is an increase in numbers of [[Monocytes|monocytes]] (haematogenous macrophages) in the blood. |
| | | | |
| − | ==Introduction==
| + | * Occurs: |
| − | Monocytosis refers to an increase in the number of [[Monocytes|monocytes]] (haematogenous macrophages) in the blood. It may be found in conjunction with other changes indicative of a [[Stress Leucogram|stress leucogram]] or it may occur independently of other changes to the haematological profile. The blood monocytes themselves represent a brief transitional stage as they quickly move into tissues and differentiate further to tissue macrophages. As such, monocytes rarely perform any notable functions but they been found to phagocytose red blood cells in cases of [[Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia|immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia]]. The major causes of monocytosis are:
| + | ** In conjunction with neutrophilia in fear, excitement etc. |
| | + | ** In the chronic stages of bacterial disease. |
| | + | * Monocytes very rarely behave as macrophages in the blood. |
| | | | |
| − | *'''Stress leucogram''' mediated by the production or administration of glucocorticoids. This phenomenon is also characterised by [[Neutrophilia|neutrophilia]], [[Eosinopenia|eosinopenia]] and [[Lymphopenia|lymphopenia]]. | + | ** However, this is seen in cases of severe intravascular haemolysis of red blood cells where remnants of the RBC's are found in their cytoplasm. |
| − | *'''Chronic inflammatory processes''', including chronic bacterial infections and chronic inflammatory diseases of the liver ([[Hepatitis, Chronic|chronic hepatitis]] and [[Cholangitis|cholangitis]]) and pancreas ([[Pancreatitis|chronic pancreatitis]]). Serum fibrinogen may also be elevated in such chronic processes and there may be a variable neutrophilia depending on the level of active inflammation. | |
| − | *'''Granulomatous disease''' results in monocytosis as monocytes are recruited to contain certain types of bacteria (namely ''[[Mycobacteria spp.]]'', ''[[:Category:Nocardia species|Nocardia spp.]]'', ''[[:Category:Actinomyces|Actinomyces]]'' and ''[[Rhodococcus equi]]'') or foreign objects. Severe granulomatous disease may also result in hypercalaemia as differentiated macrophages acquire the ability to produce activated vitamin D metabolites.
| |
| − | *Certain types of monocytic or myelomonocytic '''chronic myeloid leukaemia''' may result in the presence of large numbers of monocytes in the blood.
| |
| | | | |
| − | {{Learning
| + | [[Category:Blood Cell Changes]][[Category:To Do - Blood]] |
| − | |literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28monocytosis%29&fq=sc%3A%22ve%22 Publications with 'monocytosis' in their title]
| |
| − | }}
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | {{review}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | {{OpenPages}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:Haematology Changes]][[Category:Expert Review]] | |