Difference between revisions of "Cryptosporidiosis"

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==Overview==
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== Introduction ==
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Disease caused by the parasite [[Cryptosporidium|cryptosporidium]].
  
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This is a '''zoonotic''', diarrhoea-causing, disease of cattle and other domestic livestock caused by the parasite ''[[Cryptosporidium]]''. It is a [[:Category:Protozoa|protozoan parasite]] that inhabits crypt cells of the intestine. Transmission of the disease is faeco-oral. The disease is severe in humans and can be fatal in the immunocompromised. It causes severe sickness and diarrhoea for up to two weeks.
 
  
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== Clinical Signs ==
 
  
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Often seen in adolescent calves, may present as a sudden outbreak or as sporadic disease. Animals may have weight loss and appear dull and depressed. Diarrhoea will be profuse and watery and may appear green/black.
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==Diagnosis==
  
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== Diagnosis ==
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*Faecal smear
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**Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) stain
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**Oocysts stain red against a blue/green background
  
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Clinical signs and age of cattle will provide a presumptive diagnosis. A faecal smear with '''Ziehl-Neelson''' (ZN) stain is diagnostic and if ''Cryptosporidium'' is present then oocysts stain red against a blue/green background. Immunoassays can also be performed to detect oocysts in faeces.
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*Immunoassays
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**Detect oocysts in faeces
  
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== Control ==
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==Control==
  
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Isolate/quarantine bought-in calves maintain good hygiene by providing adequate bedding and disinfecting calf pens.
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*Isolate/quarantine bought-in calves
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**Treat if signs of [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] present
  
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If diarrhoea is present and ''Cryptosporidium'' has been detected then treat with halofuginon. This treatment is given orally.
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*Good hygiene, adequate bedding and disinfection of calf pens is important
  
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*Prevention/treatment
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**Halofuginone
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***Halocur or Intervet
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***Oral dosage
  
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{{review}}
 
  
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==Villus Atrophy in Enteritis==
  
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[[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Cattle]]
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* Affects calf, lamb, piglet, kitten.
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[[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]]
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* Increasingly important as part of the neonatal [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] complex in calves.
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[[Category:Zoonoses]]
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* Zoonosis.
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====Pathology====
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=====Gross=====
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* Intestines diffusely reddened, with fluid contents.
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=====Histological=====
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* Tiny parasites on surface of epithelium.
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* Villus atrophy and fusion.
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* Iinflammation (mainly lymphoid) in crypts and lamina propria.
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]

Revision as of 22:47, 6 August 2010

Overview

Disease caused by the parasite cryptosporidium.


Diagnosis

  • Faecal smear
    • Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) stain
    • Oocysts stain red against a blue/green background
  • Immunoassays
    • Detect oocysts in faeces

Control

  • Isolate/quarantine bought-in calves
  • Good hygiene, adequate bedding and disinfection of calf pens is important
  • Prevention/treatment
    • Halofuginone
      • Halocur or Intervet
      • Oral dosage


Villus Atrophy in Enteritis

  • Affects calf, lamb, piglet, kitten.
  • Increasingly important as part of the neonatal diarrhoea complex in calves.
  • Zoonosis.

Pathology

Gross
  • Intestines diffusely reddened, with fluid contents.
Histological
  • Tiny parasites on surface of epithelium.
  • Villus atrophy and fusion.
  • Iinflammation (mainly lymphoid) in crypts and lamina propria.
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