Difference between revisions of "Tonsils - Anatomy & Physiology"
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
| − | <p>''Sometimes the term tonsil is used to refer to all | + | <p>''Sometimes the term tonsil is used to refer to all mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). In this article it will specifically deal with tonsils located in the [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|nasopharynx]] & [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]].''</p> |
| − | <p>The tonsils are part of the MALT and more specifically the GALT. They are located in the nasopharynx and [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] and form a ring of lymphoid tissue around the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] to protect the openings into the [[Alimentary | + | <p>The tonsils are part of the MALT and more specifically the GALT. They are located in the [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|nasopharynx]] and [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] and form a ring of lymphoid tissue around the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] to protect the openings into the [[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|alimentary]] and [[Cardiorespiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology#Upper Respiratory Tract|respiratory]] systems.</p> |
==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
| − | <p>The tonsils are non-encapsulated lymphoid tissue. They have crypts lined with stratified squamous epithelium which are infiltrated with [[Lymphocytes | + | <p>The tonsils are non-encapsulated lymphoid tissue. They have crypts lined with stratified squamous epithelium which are infiltrated with [[Lymphocytes|lymphocytes]].</p> |
<p>Species being covered here are dog, cat, horse, cattle and pig.</p> | <p>Species being covered here are dog, cat, horse, cattle and pig.</p> | ||
===Pharyngeal=== | ===Pharyngeal=== | ||
<p>''Also called adenoids''</p> | <p>''Also called adenoids''</p> | ||
| − | <p>Present in all the species they are located on the pharyngeal septum in the nasopharynx. In cattle it is located on the caudal end of the septum.</p> | + | <p>Present in all the species they are located on the pharyngeal septum in the [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|nasopharynx]]. In cattle it is located on the caudal end of the septum.</p> |
===Palatine=== | ===Palatine=== | ||
<p>''In common speech these are “the tonsil"''</p> | <p>''In common speech these are “the tonsil"''</p> | ||
| − | Present all species except the pig and are located dorsally in the lateral walls of [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. In cattle and dogs and cats they are compact and in cattle they project away from [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] lumen and in cats and dogs they project towards the lumen. In horses they are diffuse. | + | Present all species except the pig and are located dorsally in the lateral walls of [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. In cattle and dogs and cats they are compact and in cattle they project away from [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] lumen and in cats and dogs they project towards the lumen. In horses they are diffuse. |
===Soft palate=== | ===Soft palate=== | ||
| − | Present in all the species but are the principal tonsils in the pig. Found on the ventral aspect of the [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] (roof of [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]). | + | Present in all the species but are the principal tonsils in the pig. Found on the ventral aspect of the [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|soft palate]] (roof of [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]). |
===Tubal=== | ===Tubal=== | ||
| − | Absent in the cat and dog. They are located in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx and provide protection to the entrance of the auditory tubes. Compact in cattle and pigs and diffuse in horses. | + | Absent in the cat and dog. They are located in the lateral wall of the [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|nasopharynx]] and provide protection to the entrance of the auditory tubes. Compact in cattle and pigs and diffuse in horses. |
===Lingual=== | ===Lingual=== | ||
| − | Found in varying degrees in all species on floor of [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. | + | Found in varying degrees in all species on floor of [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. |
===Paraepiglottic=== | ===Paraepiglottic=== | ||
| − | Present in the pig and are found rostrolateral to [[ | + | Present in the pig and are found rostrolateral to [[Epiglottis|epiglottis]] base. |
===Histology=== | ===Histology=== | ||
<gallery perrow="3"> | <gallery perrow="3"> | ||
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*[[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae|Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae]] in pigs may remain undetected by serological tests and swabbing in on the palatine tonsil | *[[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae|Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae]] in pigs may remain undetected by serological tests and swabbing in on the palatine tonsil | ||
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[[Category:Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue]] | [[Category:Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue]] | ||
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Revision as of 14:10, 13 August 2010
Introduction
Sometimes the term tonsil is used to refer to all mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). In this article it will specifically deal with tonsils located in the nasopharynx & oropharynx.
The tonsils are part of the MALT and more specifically the GALT. They are located in the nasopharynx and oropharynx and form a ring of lymphoid tissue around the pharynx to protect the openings into the alimentary and respiratory systems.
Structure
The tonsils are non-encapsulated lymphoid tissue. They have crypts lined with stratified squamous epithelium which are infiltrated with lymphocytes.
Species being covered here are dog, cat, horse, cattle and pig.
Pharyngeal
Also called adenoids
Present in all the species they are located on the pharyngeal septum in the nasopharynx. In cattle it is located on the caudal end of the septum.
Palatine
In common speech these are “the tonsil"
Present all species except the pig and are located dorsally in the lateral walls of oropharynx. In cattle and dogs and cats they are compact and in cattle they project away from oropharynx lumen and in cats and dogs they project towards the lumen. In horses they are diffuse.
Soft palate
Present in all the species but are the principal tonsils in the pig. Found on the ventral aspect of the soft palate (roof of oropharynx).
Tubal
Absent in the cat and dog. They are located in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx and provide protection to the entrance of the auditory tubes. Compact in cattle and pigs and diffuse in horses.
Lingual
Found in varying degrees in all species on floor of oropharynx.
Paraepiglottic
Present in the pig and are found rostrolateral to epiglottis base.
Histology
Germinal centers (Pharyngeal - cat)
©RVC 2008
Tonsil crypt (Pharyngeal - cat)
©RVC 2008
Stratified epithelium (Pharyngeal - cat)
©RVC 2008
Functions
The tonsils are a secondary lymphoid tissue and B cells in the tonsils become committed to synthesise IgA.
Links
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pigs may remain undetected by serological tests and swabbing in on the palatine tonsil