Difference between revisions of "Equine Haematology"

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'''Go to [[#Donkey|donkey parameters]]'''
 +
===Horse===
 
{|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
{|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Haematologic Type
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Haematologic Type
 +
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|US Units
 +
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Full US Units
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Internarional Standard Units (SI)
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Internarional Standard Units (SI)
 +
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Full SI Units
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Normal Ranges
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Normal Ranges
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|WBC
+
!colspan="6" bgcolor="#DBDBDB"|UNITED STATES UNITS / International Standard Units (SI)
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-3/uL
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|5.5
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|RBC
+
!align="left"|Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (Haematocrit)
−
|% x10-6/uL
+
|%
−
|6.7 - 10.0
+
|Percentage
 +
|x10-2/L
 +
|Per litr
 +
|32 - 48 (Lower in cold-blooded)
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Haemoglobin
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Hemoglobin (Hgb)
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|11.2 - 16.2
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Grams per deci-litre
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|x10 g/L
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Grams per litre
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|10 - 18
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Haematocrit
+
!align="left"|Red Blood Cells (RBC)
−
|%
+
|x10-6/uL
−
|30 - 43
+
|Per microlitre
 +
|x10 g/L
 +
|Grams per litre
 +
|6 - 12
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Reticulocytes
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|fL
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|%
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|37.5 - 50
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Percentage
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|%
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Percentage
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|MCH
+
!align="left"|Mean Corpuscular Volume
−
|pg
+
|f/L
−
|14.0 - 18.7
+
|Per femtolitre
 +
|f/L
 +
|Per femtolitre
 +
|34 - 58
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCHC
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Mean Corpuscular Hgb
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|pg
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|36.4 - 38.8
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per picogram
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|pg
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per picogram
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|13 - 19
 +
|-
 +
!align="left"|Mean Corpuscular Hgb Concentration
 +
|g/dL
 +
|Grams per deci-litre
 +
|x10 g/L
 +
|Grams per litre
 +
|31 - 37
 +
|-
 +
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Platelets
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|x10-5/uL
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per microlitre
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|x10-11/L
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per litre
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1 - 6
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Platelets
+
!align="left"|White Blood Cells
 
|x10-3/uL
 
|x10-3/uL
−
|100 - 250
+
|Per microlitre
 +
|x10-9/L
 +
|Per litre
 +
|6 - 12
 +
|-
 +
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Neutrophils (Segmented)
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-3/uL
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per microlitre
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-9/L
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per litre
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|30 - 75% or 3 - 6
 +
|-
 +
!align="left"|Neutrophils (band)
 +
|% x10-3/uL
 +
|Per microlitre
 +
|% x10-9/L
 +
|Per litre
 +
|0 - 1% or 0 - 0.1
 +
|-
 +
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Lymphocytes
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-3/uL
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per microlitre
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-9/L
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per litre
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|25 - 60 / 1.5 - 5
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Plasma Proteins
+
!align="left"|Monocytes
 +
|% x10-3/uL
 +
|Per microlitre
 +
|% x10-9/L
 +
|Per litre
 +
|1 - 8 / 0 - 0.6
 +
|-
 +
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Eosinophils
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-3/uL
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per microlitre
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-9/L
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per litre
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1 - 10 / 0 - 0.8
 +
|-
 +
!align="left"|Basophils
 +
|% x10-3/uL
 +
|Per microlitre
 +
|% x10-9/L
 +
|Per litre
 +
|0 - 3% or 0 - 0.3
 +
|-
 +
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Myeloid/Erythroid Ratio
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|No units
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|No units
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|No units
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|No units
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0.9 - 3.8 : 1
 +
|-
 +
!align="left"|Plasma Proteins
 +
|g/dL
 +
|Grams per deci-litre
 +
|x10g/L
 +
|Grams per litre
 +
|6 - 8.5
 +
|-
 +
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Plasma Fibrogen
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|6.1 - 8.0
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Grams per deci-litre
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|x10g/L
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Grams per litre
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0.1 - 0.4
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Fibrinogen
+
|}
−
|mg/dL
+
{|width="800px" align="center"
−
|100 - 500
+
{{citation
 +
|initiallast = Kahn
 +
|initialfirst =Cynthia M
 +
|2last = Line
 +
|2first =Scott
 +
|3last =Aiello
 +
|3first =Susan E
 +
|year = 2005
 +
|title = The Merck Veterinary Manual
 +
|ed = Ninth Edition
 +
|city = New Jersey, United States of America
 +
|pub = Merck & Co., Inc. & Merial Limited
 +
|range = Hematological Reference Guides
 +
}}
 +
|}
 +
===Donkey===
 +
{|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 +
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Parameter/units
 +
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Average
 +
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Range
 +
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Interpretation
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Reticulocytes
+
!align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|/uL
+
|5.5
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0 (Nil)
+
|(4 - 7.3)
 +
|'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:'''
 +
Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia.
 +
|-
 +
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV %
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(25 - 38)
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small>
 +
|-
 +
!align="left"|Hb g/dl
 +
|11.6
 +
|(9 - 15.3)
 +
|<small>As above</small>
 +
|-
 +
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|21.9
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(18.9 - 28.6)
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:'''
 +
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency.
 +
|-
 +
!align="left"|MCHC g/dl
 +
|34.8
 +
|(31.4 - 39.1)
 +
|'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:'''
 +
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency.
 +
|-
 +
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|64
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(57 - 79)
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency.
 +
|-
 +
!align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 +
|10.2
 +
|(6.1 - 16.1)
 +
|'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils,  [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur
 +
during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections.
 +
|-
 +
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU %
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|50.5
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(28 - 78)
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections.
 +
|-
 +
!align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 +
|5.0
 +
|(2.2 - 13.3)
 +
|<small>As above</small>
 +
|-
 +
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS %
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(1 - 10)
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low.
 +
|-
 +
!align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 +
|0.38
 +
|(0.09 - 1.15)
 +
|<small>As above</small>
 +
|-
 +
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS %
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0.8)
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys.
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Band Neutrophils
+
!align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
−
|/uL
+
|0
−
|0 - 100
+
|(0 - 0.5)
 +
|<small>As above</small>
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Segmented Neutrophils
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM %
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|/uL
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|43
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|2,200 - 8,100
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(17 - 65)
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency.
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Lymphocytes
+
!align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
−
|/uL
+
|4.2
−
|1,700 - 5,800
+
|(1.8 - 7.8)
 +
|<small>As above</small>
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Monocytes
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON %
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|/uL
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0 - 1000
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 5)
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Eosinophils
+
!align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
−
|/uL
+
|0.13
−
|0 - 800
+
|(0 - 0.8)
 +
|<small>As above</small>
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Basophils
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Platelets 10<sup>9</sup>/l
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|/uL
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|5.5
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0 - 300
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(4 - 7.3)
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Thrombocytes.''' Thrombocytosis is rare but can occur in bacterial infections. Thrombocytopaenia may be seen in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), immunemediated thrombocytopenia, equine infectious anaemia (EIA),  endotoxemia, equine ehrlichiosis, neoplasia, or as a result of severe haemorrhage. Artifactual reductions in platelet numbers can occur as a result of platelets clumping in EDTA.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1
  
−
{{toplink
 
−
|linkpage =WikiNormals
 
−
|linktext =WikiNormals
 
  
−
|pagetype =WikiNormals
+
[[Category:Normal Haematology]]
−
|sublink1= Equine Section - WikiNormals
 
−
|subtext1= Equine Section
 
−
}}
 
−
{{OpenPages}}
 
−
[[Category:Haematology Reference Ranges]]
 
 
[[Category:WikiNormals]]
 
[[Category:WikiNormals]]

Revision as of 14:23, 18 August 2010

Go to donkey parameters

Horse

Haematologic Type US Units Full US Units Internarional Standard Units (SI) Full SI Units Normal Ranges
UNITED STATES UNITS / International Standard Units (SI)
Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (Haematocrit) % Percentage x10-2/L Per litr 32 - 48 (Lower in cold-blooded)
Hemoglobin (Hgb) g/dL Grams per deci-litre x10 g/L Grams per litre 10 - 18
Red Blood Cells (RBC) x10-6/uL Per microlitre x10 g/L Grams per litre 6 - 12
Reticulocytes % Percentage % Percentage 0
Mean Corpuscular Volume f/L Per femtolitre f/L Per femtolitre 34 - 58
Mean Corpuscular Hgb pg Per picogram pg Per picogram 13 - 19
Mean Corpuscular Hgb Concentration g/dL Grams per deci-litre x10 g/L Grams per litre 31 - 37
Platelets x10-5/uL Per microlitre x10-11/L Per litre 1 - 6
White Blood Cells x10-3/uL Per microlitre x10-9/L Per litre 6 - 12
Neutrophils (Segmented) % x10-3/uL Per microlitre % x10-9/L Per litre 30 - 75% or 3 - 6
Neutrophils (band) % x10-3/uL Per microlitre % x10-9/L Per litre 0 - 1% or 0 - 0.1
Lymphocytes % x10-3/uL Per microlitre % x10-9/L Per litre 25 - 60 / 1.5 - 5
Monocytes % x10-3/uL Per microlitre % x10-9/L Per litre 1 - 8 / 0 - 0.6
Eosinophils % x10-3/uL Per microlitre % x10-9/L Per litre 1 - 10 / 0 - 0.8
Basophils % x10-3/uL Per microlitre % x10-9/L Per litre 0 - 3% or 0 - 0.3
Myeloid/Erythroid Ratio No units No units No units No units 0.9 - 3.8 : 1
Plasma Proteins g/dL Grams per deci-litre x10g/L Grams per litre 6 - 8.5
Plasma Fibrogen g/dL Grams per deci-litre x10g/L Grams per litre 0.1 - 0.4
Kahn, Cynthia M., Line, Scott., Aiello, Susan E. (2005) The Merck Veterinary Manual. Ninth Edition ed. New Jersey, United States of America: Merck & Co., Inc. & Merial Limited. pp.Hematological Reference Guides.

Donkey

Parameter/units Average Range Interpretation
RBC 1012/l 5.5 (4 - 7.3) Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:

Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia.

PCV % 33 (25 - 38) As above
Hb g/dl 11.6 (9 - 15.3) As above
MCH pg 21.9 (18.9 - 28.6) Mean corpuscular haematology:

Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency.

MCHC g/dl 34.8 (31.4 - 39.1) Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:

Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency.

MCV fl 64 (57 - 79) Macrocytosis seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency.
WBC 109/l 10.2 (6.1 - 16.1) White blood cells. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur

during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections.

NEU % 50.5 (28 - 78) Neutrophils. Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections.
NEU T 109/l 5.0 (2.2 - 13.3) As above
EOS % 4 (1 - 10) Eosinophils. Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low.
EOS T 109/l 0.38 (0.09 - 1.15) As above
BAS % 0 (0 - 0.8) Basophils. Basophilia is rare in donkeys.
BAS T 109/l 0 (0 - 0.5) As above
LYM % 43 (17 - 65) Lymphocytes. Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency.
LYM T 109/l 4.2 (1.8 - 7.8) As above
MON % 1 (0 - 5) Monocytes. Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
MON T 109/l 0.13 (0 - 0.8) As above
Platelets 109/l 5.5 (4 - 7.3) Thrombocytes. Thrombocytosis is rare but can occur in bacterial infections. Thrombocytopaenia may be seen in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), immunemediated thrombocytopenia, equine infectious anaemia (EIA), endotoxemia, equine ehrlichiosis, neoplasia, or as a result of severe haemorrhage. Artifactual reductions in platelet numbers can occur as a result of platelets clumping in EDTA.

Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1

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