Difference between revisions of "Equine Haematology"

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'''Go to [[#Donkey|donkey parameters]]'''
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===Horse===
 
{|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
{|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Haematologic Type
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Haematologic Type
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Internarional Standard Units (SI)
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Internarional Standard Units (SI)
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Normal Ranges
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Normal Ranges
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|-
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!colspan="3" bgcolor="#DBDBDB"|International Standard Units (SI)
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|WBC
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|WBC
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===Donkey===
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|linkpage =WikiNormals
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|linktext =WikiNormals
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!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Parameter/units
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!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Average
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!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Range
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!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Interpretation
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|-
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!align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l
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|5.5
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|(4 - 7.3)
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|'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:'''
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Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia.
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV %
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(25 - 38)
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small>
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|-
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!align="left"|Hb g/dl
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|11.6
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|(9 - 15.3)
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|<small>As above</small>
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|21.9
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(18.9 - 28.6)
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:'''
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Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency.
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|-
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!align="left"|MCHC g/dl
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|34.8
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|(31.4 - 39.1)
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|'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:'''
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Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency.
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|64
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(57 - 79)
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency.
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|-
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!align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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|10.2
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|(6.1 - 16.1)
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|'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils,  [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur
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during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections.
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU %
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|50.5
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(28 - 78)
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections.
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|-
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!align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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|5.0
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|(2.2 - 13.3)
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|<small>As above</small>
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS %
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(1 - 10)
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low.
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|-
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!align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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|0.38
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|(0.09 - 1.15)
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|<small>As above</small>
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS %
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0.8)
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys.
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|-
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!align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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|0
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|(0 - 0.5)
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|<small>As above</small>
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM %
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|43
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(17 - 65)
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency.
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|-
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!align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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|4.2
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|(1.8 - 7.8)
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|<small>As above</small>
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON %
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 5)
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
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|-
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!align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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|0.13
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|(0 - 0.8)
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|<small>As above</small>
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Platelets 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|5.5
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(4 - 7.3)
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Thrombocytes.''' Thrombocytosis is rare but can occur in bacterial infections. Thrombocytopaenia may be seen in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), immunemediated thrombocytopenia, equine infectious anaemia (EIA),  endotoxemia, equine ehrlichiosis, neoplasia, or as a result of severe haemorrhage. Artifactual reductions in platelet numbers can occur as a result of platelets clumping in EDTA.
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|-
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Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1
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[[Category:Normal Haematology]]
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|sublink1= Equine Section - WikiNormals
 
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|subtext1= Equine Section
 
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{{OpenPages}}
 
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[[Category:Haematology Reference Ranges]]
 
 
[[Category:WikiNormals]]
 
[[Category:WikiNormals]]

Revision as of 14:57, 25 August 2010

Go to donkey parameters

Horse

Haematologic Type Internarional Standard Units (SI) Normal Ranges
International Standard Units (SI)
WBC % x10-3/uL 5.5
RBC % x10-6/uL 6.7 - 10.0
Haemoglobin g/dL 11.2 - 16.2
Haematocrit % 30 - 43
MCV fL 37.5 - 50
MCH pg 14.0 - 18.7
MCHC g/dL 36.4 - 38.8
Platelets x10-3/uL 100 - 250
Plasma Proteins g/dL 6.1 - 8.0
Fibrinogen mg/dL 100 - 500
Reticulocytes /uL 0 (Nil)
Band Neutrophils /uL 0 - 100
Segmented Neutrophils /uL 2,200 - 8,100
Lymphocytes /uL 1,700 - 5,800
Monocytes /uL 0 - 1000
Eosinophils /uL 0 - 800
Basophils /uL 0 - 300

Donkey

Parameter/units Average Range Interpretation
RBC 1012/l 5.5 (4 - 7.3) Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:

Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia.

PCV % 33 (25 - 38) As above
Hb g/dl 11.6 (9 - 15.3) As above
MCH pg 21.9 (18.9 - 28.6) Mean corpuscular haematology:

Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency.

MCHC g/dl 34.8 (31.4 - 39.1) Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:

Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency.

MCV fl 64 (57 - 79) Macrocytosis seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency.
WBC 109/l 10.2 (6.1 - 16.1) White blood cells. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur

during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections.

NEU % 50.5 (28 - 78) Neutrophils. Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections.
NEU T 109/l 5.0 (2.2 - 13.3) As above
EOS % 4 (1 - 10) Eosinophils. Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low.
EOS T 109/l 0.38 (0.09 - 1.15) As above
BAS % 0 (0 - 0.8) Basophils. Basophilia is rare in donkeys.
BAS T 109/l 0 (0 - 0.5) As above
LYM % 43 (17 - 65) Lymphocytes. Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency.
LYM T 109/l 4.2 (1.8 - 7.8) As above
MON % 1 (0 - 5) Monocytes. Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
MON T 109/l 0.13 (0 - 0.8) As above
Platelets 109/l 5.5 (4 - 7.3) Thrombocytes. Thrombocytosis is rare but can occur in bacterial infections. Thrombocytopaenia may be seen in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), immunemediated thrombocytopenia, equine infectious anaemia (EIA), endotoxemia, equine ehrlichiosis, neoplasia, or as a result of severe haemorrhage. Artifactual reductions in platelet numbers can occur as a result of platelets clumping in EDTA.

Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1

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