Difference between revisions of "Large Colon Torsion - Horse"

Revision as of 14:52, 27 August 2010

Large Colon Torsion is also known as Large colon Volvulus

Description

Large Colon Torsion results from the rotation of the organ about its long axis. The degree of torsion dictates the severity of clinical signs and the speed at which the condition progresses. Volvulus can occur at any point along the colon and are most frequently in a clockwise direction, when looking from behind the horse.

The condition can be

Signalment

Post parturient mares, large breed horses and those with a history of dietary change are at predisposed to the condition.

Diagnosis

Clinical Signs

See Colic Diagnosis in Horses

Ultrasound

Treatment

Medical Treatment of Colic in Horses

Prognosis

Prognosis depends on the degree of volvulous and the speed of diagnosis and treatment. Torsions of 180-360° have a good prognosis as long as vascular supply is not compromised. More severe torsions and those that are stragulating,or where surgery has been delayed have a poor prognosis.

References

Mair, T.S, Divers, T.J, Ducharme, N.G (2002) Manual of Equine Gastroenterology, WB Saunders.
Mair, T., Love, S., Schumacher, J. and Watson, E. (1998) Equine Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction WB Saunders Company Ltd

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-{{OpenPagesTop}}
+Large Colon Torsion is also known as Large colon Volvulus
-Also known as: '''''Large Colon Volvulus
-==Introduction==
+==Description==
-'''Large Colon Torsion''' results from the rotation of the organ about its axis. The degree of torsion dictates the severity of clinical signs and the speed at which the condition progresses. Volvulus can occur at any point along the colon; the most common site is the junction between the caecum and the right ventral colon, and most twist in a clockwise direction, when looking at the horse from behind.
+Large Colon Torsion results from the rotation of the organ about its long axis. The degree of torsion dictates the severity of clinical signs and the speed at which the condition progresses. Volvulus can occur at any point along the colon and are most frequently in a clockwise direction, when looking from behind the horse.
-The condition can be described as '''strangulating''' if the rotation is greater than 360°, causing vascular as well as luminal obstruction to the intestine. This form of torsion is more serious and acute in presentation, resulting in endotoxaemia and death within hours if treatment is not prompt.
+The condition can be
 ==Signalment==
-Post parturient mares, large breed horses and those with a history of dietary change or grazing on lush pasture are predisposed to the condition.
+Post parturient mares, large breed horses and those with a history of dietary change are at predisposed to the condition.
-==Clinical Signs==
-* [[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|Signs of Colic]]
-* Tachycardia
-* Poor peripheral pulse quality
-* Tachypnoea
-* Abdominal distension
-On [[Rectal Examination of the Horse|rectal examination]] the colon is distended and tympanic, the mesentry is palpably oedematous and the colonic bands may be felt in a transverse orientation.
-See '''[[:Category:Colic Diagnosis in the Horse|Colic Diagnosis in Horses]]'''
 ==Diagnosis==
-===Laboratory Tests===
+===Clinical Signs===
-Haemotology and Biochemistry reveal haemoconcentration, changes in acid-base status and electrolyte abnormalities.
+See <big>'''[[:Category:Colic Diagnosis in the Horse|Colic Diagnosis in Horses]]
 ===Ultrasound===
-Abdominal ultrasound reveals a distended large colon with thickened, oedematous walls. [[Colic - Peritoneal Fluid Analysis|Peritoneal fluid should be sampled]] under ultrasound guidance, typical changes include an increase in protein and cellular content.
 ==Treatment==
-Mild non-strangulating torsions can be managed conservatively but for more severe torsions and all strangulating torsions surgery is vital. Rapid referral for surgical correction is imperative to maximise the chances of a good outcome.
-In conjunction with surgical treatment, IV fluids will be needed to replace plasma volume and correct electrolyte abnormalities. Antibiotic drugs, Polymixin B and NSAIDs with anti-endotoxic effects are indicated to minimise the damage from ischaemic intestine.  See '''[[Colic, Medical Treatment|Medical Treatment of Colic in Horses]]'''.
+'''[[Colic, Medical Treatment|Medical Treatment of Colic in Horses]]'''</big>
 ==Prognosis==
-Prognosis depends on the degree of volvulous and the speed of diagnosis and treatment. Torsions of less than 270° have a good prognosis, for more severe torsions, those that are strangulating, or in cases where surgery has been delayed, the prognosis is poor.
+Prognosis depends on the degree of volvulous and the speed of diagnosis and treatment. Torsions of 180-360° have a good prognosis as long as vascular supply is not compromised. More severe torsions and those that are stragulating,or where surgery has been delayed have a poor prognosis.
-{{Learning
-|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22large+colon%22%29+AND+%28title%3A%28volvulus%29+OR+title%3A%28torsion%29%29+AND+od%3A%28horses%29 Large Colon Torsion in horses publications]
-}}
 ==References==
 * Mair, T.S, Divers, T.J, Ducharme, N.G (2002) '''Manual of Equine Gastroenterology''', ''WB Saunders''.
 * Mair, T., Love, S., Schumacher, J. and Watson, E. (1998) '''Equine Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction''' ''WB Saunders Company Ltd''
-* Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''' ''Merial''
-* Robinson, N.E., Sprayberry, K.A. (2009) '''Current Therapy in Equine Medicine''' (Sixth Edition) ''Saunders Elsevier''
-* White, N.A., Edwards, G.B. (1999) '''Handbook of Equine Colic''' ''Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd''
-{{review}}
-{{OpenPages}}
 [[Category:Surgical Colic in the Horse]]
-[[Category:Expert_Review]]
+[[Category:To_Do_-_lizzyk]]
-[[Category:Colic - Large Colon Causes]]