Difference between revisions of "Leptospirosis - Cats and Dogs"
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− | + | ==Description== | |
− | + | Leptospirosis can be caused by infection with a number of different serovars of the bacteria Leptospira interrogans. In general infection with a host adapted strain results in subclinical infection, intermittent shedding of the organism and the animal acts as a reservoir for infection. Infection with non host adapted strains results in clinical disease. | |
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+ | ***Serovars ''canicola'' and ''icterohaemorrhagica'' cause leptospirosis in dogs, but are vaccinated against | ||
+ | ***Serovars ''pomona'' and ''grippotyphosa'' are becoming important | ||
+ | ***The host-adapted serovar ''canicolar'' causes acute renal failure in puppies; a chronic uraemic syndrome may follow | ||
+ | ***Incidental infections with serovar ''icterohaemorrhagica'' or ''copenhagenii'' cause renal failure | ||
+ | ***''L. icterohaemorrhagiae'' may cause [[Pigmentation and Calcification - Pathology#Hepatic (Toxic) Icterus|hepatic jaundice]] | ||
+ | ***Serovar ''bratislava'' causes abortion and infertility in dogs, which may be the maintenance host | ||
+ | ***Infections uncommon in cats | ||
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− | + | *''Leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagica'' - a septicaemic disease which affects the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] | |
− | + | *puppies | |
+ | *Leptospirosis is an important spirochaetal group of diseases causing disease in animals and humans (zoonotic) | ||
+ | *Transmission | ||
+ | **via urine of affected animals | ||
+ | **organisms can remain viable for weeks in damp conditions | ||
+ | *method of action | ||
+ | **cause anaemia via intravascular haemolysis | ||
− | + | ==Signalment== | |
− | ==Pathology== | + | ==Diagnosis== |
+ | ===Clinical Signs=== | ||
+ | *fever | ||
+ | *dehydration | ||
+ | *haemorrhaging from the mucous membranes of the body | ||
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+ | ===Laboratory Tests=== | ||
+ | *dark field microscopy on fresh urine is best | ||
+ | ===Pathology=== | ||
Grossly- | Grossly- | ||
− | * | + | *widespread hameorrhages |
− | * | + | *icterus |
− | * | + | *pale foci in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] (not always a constant finding) |
− | * | + | *subcapsular and cortical renal haemorrhages |
<br> | <br> | ||
Microscopically- | Microscopically- | ||
− | * | + | *foci of necrosis |
− | * | + | *dissociation of hepatocytes form each other (similar to post mortem change) |
− | * | + | *substantial haemosiderin in the Kuppfer cells (from the haemolysis) |
− | * | + | *need to use a silver stain or immunofluorescence to demonstrate the organisms in tissues |
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
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− | + | ==Prognosis== | |
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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* Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier'' | * Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier'' | ||
− | + | [[Category:Cat]][[Category:Dog]] | |
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− | [[Category: | ||
[[Category:Hepatitis,_Bacterial]] | [[Category:Hepatitis,_Bacterial]] | ||
− | [[Category: | + | [[Category:To_Do_-_lizzyk]] |
Revision as of 09:16, 2 September 2010
This article is still under construction. |
Description
Leptospirosis can be caused by infection with a number of different serovars of the bacteria Leptospira interrogans. In general infection with a host adapted strain results in subclinical infection, intermittent shedding of the organism and the animal acts as a reservoir for infection. Infection with non host adapted strains results in clinical disease.
- Serovars canicola and icterohaemorrhagica cause leptospirosis in dogs, but are vaccinated against
- Serovars pomona and grippotyphosa are becoming important
- The host-adapted serovar canicolar causes acute renal failure in puppies; a chronic uraemic syndrome may follow
- Incidental infections with serovar icterohaemorrhagica or copenhagenii cause renal failure
- L. icterohaemorrhagiae may cause hepatic jaundice
- Serovar bratislava causes abortion and infertility in dogs, which may be the maintenance host
- Infections uncommon in cats
- Leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagica - a septicaemic disease which affects the liver
- puppies
- Leptospirosis is an important spirochaetal group of diseases causing disease in animals and humans (zoonotic)
- Transmission
- via urine of affected animals
- organisms can remain viable for weeks in damp conditions
- method of action
- cause anaemia via intravascular haemolysis
Signalment
Diagnosis
Clinical Signs
- fever
- dehydration
- haemorrhaging from the mucous membranes of the body
Laboratory Tests
- dark field microscopy on fresh urine is best
Pathology
Grossly-
- widespread hameorrhages
- icterus
- pale foci in the liver (not always a constant finding)
- subcapsular and cortical renal haemorrhages
Microscopically-
- foci of necrosis
- dissociation of hepatocytes form each other (similar to post mortem change)
- substantial haemosiderin in the Kuppfer cells (from the haemolysis)
- need to use a silver stain or immunofluorescence to demonstrate the organisms in tissues
Treatment
Prognosis
References
- Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition) Merial
- Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition) Mosby Elsevier