Difference between revisions of "Adaptive Immunity to Viruses"

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==Humoral==
 
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The humoral response to viruses involves the production of '''neutralising antibody''' and '''Antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)'''. [[Immunoglobulins|Antibody]]-labelled cells can be targeted by [[Lymphocytes#Natural Killer (NK) cells|NK Cells]] as another defence against viral infection. The antibody produced against viral protein can attach to infected cells during their budding phase, which effectively labels them for [[Lymphocytes#Natural Killer (NK) cells|NK]] targeting. [[Lymphocytes#Natural Killer (NK) cells|NK]] cells express Fcγ receptors with which to detect such cells. Once activated, they release a host of enzymes to induce apoptosis of the budding cell.
 
  
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==Cell-Mediated==
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'''Humoral'''
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The cell-mediated response to viruses involves [[Lymphocytes#Cytotoxic CD8+|CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell]] mediated killing of virus infected cells. They are the main cells involved in the immune response to '''intracellular''' virus infection. Viruses are detected by the recognition of [[Major Histocompatability Complexes#MHC I|MHC I]]-peptide complex and infected cells are killed by apoptosis. Perforin and granzymes activate the caspase cascade and Fas-ligand triggers the Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway. Cytotoxic [[Cytokines|cytokines]] (especially TNF-α & TNF-β lymphotoxin) act on TNF receptors to induce programmed cell death.
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*Production of '''neutralising antibody'''
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*'''Antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)'''
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[[Immunoglobulins|Antibody]]-labelled cells can be targeted by [[Lymphocytes#Natural Killer (NK) cells|NK Cells]] as another defence against viral infection.  Antibody produced against viral protein can attach to infected cells during their budding phase, which effectively labels them for [[Lymphocytes#Natural Killer (NK) cells|NK]] targeting. [[Lymphocytes#Natural Killer (NK) cells|NK]] cells express Fc&gamma; receptors with which to detect such cells.  Once activated, they release a host of enzymes to induce apoptosis of the budding cell.
  
  
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'''Cell-Mediated'''
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{{Jim Bee 2007}}
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*[[Lymphocytes#Cytotoxic CD8+|CD8+ T-cell]] mediated killing of virus infected cells
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**Main cells involved in the immune response to '''intracellular''' virus infection
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**Recognition of [[Major Histocompatability Complexes#MHC I|MHC I]]-peptide complex
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**Infected cells are killed by apoptosis
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***Perforin and granzymes activate the caspase cascade
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***Fas-ligand triggers the Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway
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***Cytotoxic [[Cytokines|cytokines]] (especially TNF-α & TNF-β lymphotoxin) act on TNF receptors to induce programmed cell death
  
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<big>'''Also see [[Immunity to Viruses]]'''</big>
  
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[[Category:To Do - AimeeHicks]]
 
[[Category:Adaptive Immune System]]
 
[[Category:Adaptive Immune System]]

Revision as of 11:21, 6 September 2010

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Humoral

  • Production of neutralising antibody
  • Antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Antibody-labelled cells can be targeted by NK Cells as another defence against viral infection. Antibody produced against viral protein can attach to infected cells during their budding phase, which effectively labels them for NK targeting. NK cells express Fcγ receptors with which to detect such cells. Once activated, they release a host of enzymes to induce apoptosis of the budding cell.


Cell-Mediated

  • CD8+ T-cell mediated killing of virus infected cells
    • Main cells involved in the immune response to intracellular virus infection
    • Recognition of MHC I-peptide complex
    • Infected cells are killed by apoptosis
      • Perforin and granzymes activate the caspase cascade
      • Fas-ligand triggers the Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway
      • Cytotoxic cytokines (especially TNF-α & TNF-β lymphotoxin) act on TNF receptors to induce programmed cell death

Also see Immunity to Viruses

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