Difference between revisions of "Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma"

Revision as of 22:21, 9 October 2010

Also known as: Rodent ulcer — Eosinophilic ulcer — Eosinophilic plaques — Eosinophilic granuloma

Description

Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex includes three types of lesions:

Eosinophilic ulcer which present as a well circumscribed, erythematous ulcer on the lip or oral mucosa of middle-aged cats
Eosinophilic plaques which present as raised erythematous lesions on the skin of the medial thighs and abdomen
Eosinophilic granuloma which present on the posterior aspect of the rear legs of young cats and also found on the tongue, hard palate and oral mucosa.

Eosinophilic granulomas of the oral cavity appear as yellow/pink raised linear lesions. They can also occur on the soft palate, or the base of the tongue. Cats with eosinophilic lesions of the mouth often have concurrent skin lesions.

The cause of feline eosinophilic granuloma is unknown but it has been associated with food and insect bite allergies, atopy, immunosuppression, bacteral and viral infections.

Signalment

More commonly found in young cats (2-6 years) and also more common in females than males.

Diagnosis

An ulcerated mass may be found at the base of the tongue or on the hard palate, the glossopalatine arches or anywhere else in the mouth as described above.

Clinical Signs

Depending on site of lesion can include dysphagia,halitosis and anorexia.

Laboratory tests

A peripheral blood eosinophilia may be present.

Pathology

A deep biopsy specimen of the mass is required for a definitive diagnosis. Histology reveals an eosinophilic tissue infiltrate and polymorphs are present. There is also an exaggerated eosinophilic response.

Treatment

Initial medical treatment is to control any ectoparasites. Secondly a diet trial and skin testing may be carried out to rule out food allergy and atopy. If there is evidence of a bacterial infection antibiotics are necessary.

If the patient is refractory to the above Corticosteroid should be administered. Treatment should be tapered gradually once a response is seen then discontinued once signs have completely disappeared.

Chlorambucil may also be useful in resistant cases.

Surgical excision is required for large lesions that interfere with breathing or swallowing.

Prognosis

Good but the lesion can recur.

Literature Search

Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).

Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma publications

References

Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry(3rd Edition) BSAVA

Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition) Mosby Elsevier.

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-{{OpenPagesTop}}
+{{review}}
-Also known as: '''''Rodent ulcer — Eosinophilic ulcer — Eosinophilic plaques — Eosinophilic granuloma'''''
-== Introduction ==
+Also known as: '''''Rodent ulcer — Eosinophilic ulcer — Eosinophilic plaques — Eosinophilic granuloma'''
-Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex includes three types of lesions:
+==Description==
+Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex includes three types of lesions:
-#Eosinophilic or rodent '''ulcers''' which present as a well circumscribed, erythematous ulcer on the lip or oral mucosa of middle-aged cats
+# Eosinophilic ulcer which present as a well circumscribed, erythematous ulcer on the lip or oral mucosa of middle-aged cats
-#Eosinophilic '''plaques''' which present as raised erythematous lesions on the skin of the medial thighs and abdomen
+# Eosinophilic plaques which present as raised erythematous lesions on the skin of the medial thighs and abdomen
-#Eosinophilic or linear '''granuloma''' which present on the posterior aspect of the rear legs of young cats and also found on the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Hard Palate|hard palate]] and oral mucosa.
+# Eosinophilic granuloma which present on the posterior aspect of the rear legs of young cats and also found on the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Hard Palate|hard palate]] and oral mucosa.
 Eosinophilic granulomas of the '''oral cavity''' appear as '''yellow/pink raised linear lesions'''. They can also occur on the soft palate, or the base of the tongue. Cats with eosinophilic lesions of the mouth often have concurrent skin lesions.
-The cause of feline eosinophilic granuloma is unknown but it has been associated with food and insect bite allergies ([[:Category:Hypersensitivity|hypersensitivity]]), [[atopy]], immunosuppression, bacterial and viral infections.
+The cause of feline eosinophilic granuloma is unknown but it has been associated with food and insect bite allergies, atopy, immunosuppression, bacteral and viral infections.
-== Signalment ==
-More commonly found in young cats (2-6 years) and also more common in females than males. It can also occur in dogs, particularly Siberian Huskies.
-== Clinical Signs ==
-Depending on site of lesion can include dysphagia, halitosis and anorexia. Eosinophilic plaque lesions are intensely pruritic.
-== Diagnosis ==
-An ulcerated mass may be found at the base of the tongue or on the hard palate, the glossopalatine arches or anywhere else in the mouth as described above. On laboratory tests, a peripheral blood [[Eosinophilia|eosinophilia]] may be present, especially for eosinophilic plaques.
-Impression smears: Eosinophilic plaques exfoliate easily and eosinophils predominate the sample.
-A deep biopsy specimen of the mass is required for a definitive diagnosis.
-== Pathology ==
-Grossly, there are raised plaques, erythematous, pruritic, erosed or ulcerated areas.
-Microscopically, acanthosis, spongiosis, erosions or ulceration, predominantly eosinophilic dermatitis, possibly areas of collagen degeneration can all be found.
+==Signalment==
+More commonly found in young cats (2-6 years) and also more common in females than males.
+==Diagnosis==
+An ulcerated mass may be found at the base of the tongue or on the hard palate, the glossopalatine arches or anywhere else in the mouth as described above.
-Histology reveals:
+==Clinical Signs==
-:Eosinophilic ulcers: show hyperplastic, ulcerated, superficial perivascular to interstitial dermatitis. Fibrosis may also be present.
+Depending on site of lesion can include dysphagia,halitosis and anorexia.
-:Eosinophilic plaques: appear as superficial hyperplasia, deep perivascular dermatitis with eosinophilia. Diffuse spongiosis of the outer root sheaths of hair follicles may also be noted.
-:Eosinophilic granulomas: reveal nodular to diffuse granulomatous dermatitis with flame figures. Eosinophils and multinucleated histiocytic giant cells are commonly found.
-== Treatment ==
+==Laboratory tests==
+A peripheral blood [[Eosinophilia|eosinophilia]] may be present.
-Initial medical treatment is to control any ectoparasites. Secondly a diet trial and intradermal allergy testing may be carried out to rule out food allergy and atopy. If there is evidence of a bacterial infection [[Antibiotics|antibiotics]] are necessary.
+==Pathology==
+A deep biopsy specimen of the mass is required for a definitive diagnosis.  Histology reveals an eosinophilic tissue infiltrate and polymorphs are present. There is also an exaggerated eosinophilic response.
-If the patient is refractory to the above [[Steroids|Corticosteroid]] should be administered. Treatment should be tapered gradually once a response is seen then discontinued once signs have completely disappeared.
+==Treatment==
+Initial medical treatment is to control any ectoparasites. Secondly a diet trial and skin testing may be carried out to rule out food allergy and atopy. If there is evidence of a bacterial infection [[Antibiotics|antibiotics]] are necessary.
-Chlorambucil may also be useful in resistant cases.
+If the patient is refractory to the above [[Steroids|Corticosteroid]] should be administered. Treatment should be tapered gradually once a response is seen then discontinued once signs have completely disappeared.
-Surgical excision is required for large lesions that interfere with breathing or swallowing.
+Chlorambucil may also be useful in resistant cases.
+Surgical excision is required for large lesions that interfere with breathing or swallowing.
-== Prognosis ==
+==Prognosis==
+Good but the lesion can recur.
-Good if the allergy is identified and addressed. Otherwise the lesion can recur and lifelong steroid treatment may be necessary.
+==Literature Search==
+[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]
-{{Learning
-|flashcards = [[Veterinary Dentistry Q&A 05]]<br>[[Small Animal Dermatology Q&A 05]]
-|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28%22Eosinophilic+Granuloma%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Rodent+ulcer%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Eosinophilic+ulcer%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Eosinophilic+plaques%22%29%29+AND+od%3A%28cats%29 Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma publications]
-|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/felis/Content/Disease/dis60003.asp Eosinophilic Granuloma]
-}}
-== References ==
+Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).
+<br><br><br>
+[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28%22Eosinophilic+Granuloma%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Rodent+ulcer%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Eosinophilic+ulcer%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Eosinophilic+plaques%22%29%29+AND+od%3A%28cats%29 Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma publications]
-Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry'''(3rd Edition) ''BSAVA''
+==References==
-Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine''' (Fourth Edition) Mosby Elsevier.
+Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry'''(3rd Edition) ''BSAVA''
-Norsworthy, G. (2010) '''The Feline Patient''' ''John Wiley and Sons''
+Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine''' (Fourth Edition) Mosby Elsevier.
-{{review}}
-{{OpenPages}}
+[[Category:Oral_Cavity_and_Gingiva_-_Pathology]][[Category:Cat]]
-[[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Pathology]] [[Category:Oral_Cavity_and_Gingiva_-_Pathology]] [[Category:Oral_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Small Animal]] [[Category:Allergic_Skin_Diseases]]
+]]
-[[Category:Oral Proliferations]]
+[[Category:Expert_Review]]
-[[Category:LisaM reviewing]]
+[[Category:Allergic Skin Diseases]]