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Also known as: '''''Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — RAO — COPD — Summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease — Heaves

 

|linkpage =Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders - Donkey

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

The early signs of RAO (or chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease or heaves) are often missed in donkeys as they are not usually exercised and appear to have a relatively insensitive cough reflex. There is airway sensitivity to allergens found in inhaled organic dusts, which leads to an influx of [[Neutrophils - WikiBlood|neutrophils]] into the airways, accompanied by bronchospasm and mucus accumulation.

The early signs of RAO (or chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease or heaves) are often missed in donkeys as they are not usually exercised and appear to have a relatively insensitive cough reflex. There is airway sensitivity to allergens found in inhaled organic dusts, which leads to an influx of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] into the airways, accompanied by bronchospasm and mucus accumulation.

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

* Durham, A. (2001). ‘Update on therapeutics for obstructive pulmonary diseases in horses’. ''In Practice'', 23 (8). pp 474-481.

* Durham, A. (2001). ‘Update on therapeutics for obstructive pulmonary diseases in horses’. ''In Practice'', 23 (8). pp 474-481.

* Robinson, N.E., Derksen, F.J., Jackson, C.A., Peroni, D., and Gerber, V. (2001). ‘Management of Heaves’. ''Equine Veterinary Education'', 13 (5). pp 247-259.

* Robinson, N.E., Derksen, F.J., Jackson, C.A., Peroni, D., and Gerber, V. (2001). ‘Management of Heaves’. ''Equine Veterinary Education'', 13 (5). pp 247-259.