Difference between revisions of "Donkey Haematology"
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!align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l | !align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l | ||
|5.5 | |5.5 | ||
− | |( | + | |(4 - 7.3) |
|'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:''' | |'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:''' | ||
Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia. | Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia. | ||
Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV % | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV % | ||
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33 | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33 | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|( | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(25 - 38) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small> | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|Hb g/dl | !align="left"|Hb g/dl | ||
− | |11. | + | |11.6 |
− | |( | + | |(9 - 15.3) |
|<small>As above</small> | |<small>As above</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"| | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|21.9 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|( | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(18.9 - 28.6) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:''' | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:''' | ||
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency. | Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|MCHC g/dl | !align="left"|MCHC g/dl | ||
− | |34 | + | |34.8 |
− | |(31 - | + | |(31.4 - 39.1) |
|'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:''' | |'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:''' | ||
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency. | Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"| | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|64 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|( | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(57 - 79) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency. | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l | !align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l | ||
− | |10 | + | |10.2 |
− | |(6. | + | |(6.1 - 16.1) |
|'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils, [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur | |'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils, [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur | ||
during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections. | during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU % | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU % | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"| | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|50.5 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|( | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(28 - 78) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections. | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | !align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | ||
− | | | + | |5.0 |
− | |(2. | + | |(2.2 - 13.3) |
|<small>As above</small> | |<small>As above</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS % | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS % | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|( | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(1 - 10) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low. | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | !align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | ||
− | |0. | + | |0.38 |
− | |(0.1 | + | |(0.09 - 1.15) |
|<small>As above</small> | |<small>As above</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS % | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS % | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0. | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0.8) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys. | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | !align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | ||
|0 | |0 | ||
− | |(0 - 0. | + | |(0 - 0.5) |
|<small>As above</small> | |<small>As above</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM % | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM % | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"| | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|43 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|( | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(17 - 65) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency. | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | !align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | ||
− | | | + | |4.2 |
− | |( | + | |(1.8 - 7.8) |
|<small>As above</small> | |<small>As above</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON % | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON % | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"| | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 5) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | !align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | ||
− | |0. | + | |0.13 |
− | |(0 - 0. | + | |(0 - 0.8) |
|<small>As above</small> | |<small>As above</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Platelets 10<sup>9</sup>/l | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Platelets 10<sup>9</sup>/l | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"| | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|5.5 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|( | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(4 - 7.3) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Thrombocytes.''' Thrombocytosis is rare but can occur in bacterial infections. Thrombocytopaenia may be seen in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), immunemediated thrombocytopenia, equine infectious anaemia (EIA), endotoxemia, equine ehrlichiosis, neoplasia, or as a result of severe haemorrhage. Artifactual reductions in platelet numbers can occur as a result of platelets clumping in EDTA. | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Thrombocytes.''' Thrombocytosis is rare but can occur in bacterial infections. Thrombocytopaenia may be seen in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), immunemediated thrombocytopenia, equine infectious anaemia (EIA), endotoxemia, equine ehrlichiosis, neoplasia, or as a result of severe haemorrhage. Artifactual reductions in platelet numbers can occur as a result of platelets clumping in EDTA. | ||
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− | + | Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1 | |
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[[Category:Haematology Reference Ranges]] | [[Category:Haematology Reference Ranges]] | ||
[[Category:WikiNormals]] | [[Category:WikiNormals]] |
Revision as of 20:27, 21 October 2010
|
Parameter/units | Average | Range | Interpretation |
---|---|---|---|
RBC 1012/l | 5.5 | (4 - 7.3) | Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:
Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia. |
PCV % | 33 | (25 - 38) | As above |
Hb g/dl | 11.6 | (9 - 15.3) | As above |
MCH pg | 21.9 | (18.9 - 28.6) | Mean corpuscular haematology:
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency. |
MCHC g/dl | 34.8 | (31.4 - 39.1) | Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency. |
MCV fl | 64 | (57 - 79) | Macrocytosis seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency. |
WBC 109/l | 10.2 | (6.1 - 16.1) | White blood cells. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur
during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections. |
NEU % | 50.5 | (28 - 78) | Neutrophils. Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections. |
NEU T 109/l | 5.0 | (2.2 - 13.3) | As above |
EOS % | 4 | (1 - 10) | Eosinophils. Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low. |
EOS T 109/l | 0.38 | (0.09 - 1.15) | As above |
BAS % | 0 | (0 - 0.8) | Basophils. Basophilia is rare in donkeys. |
BAS T 109/l | 0 | (0 - 0.5) | As above |
LYM % | 43 | (17 - 65) | Lymphocytes. Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency. |
LYM T 109/l | 4.2 | (1.8 - 7.8) | As above |
MON % | 1 | (0 - 5) | Monocytes. Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. |
MON T 109/l | 0.13 | (0 - 0.8) | As above |
Platelets 109/l | 5.5 | (4 - 7.3) | Thrombocytes. Thrombocytosis is rare but can occur in bacterial infections. Thrombocytopaenia may be seen in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), immunemediated thrombocytopenia, equine infectious anaemia (EIA), endotoxemia, equine ehrlichiosis, neoplasia, or as a result of severe haemorrhage. Artifactual reductions in platelet numbers can occur as a result of platelets clumping in EDTA. |
Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1