Difference between revisions of "Trichomonas gallinae"

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Also Known As — [[Trichomonosis - Birds | '''''Avian Trichomonosis''''']] — '''''Avian Trichomoniasis''''' — '''''Trichomonosis''''' — '''''[[Trichomonosis - Birds]]'''''
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{{OpenPagesTop}}
 
 
 
{{Taxobox
 
{{Taxobox
 
|name              = Trichomonas gallinae
 
|name              = Trichomonas gallinae
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|sub-family        =
 
|sub-family        =
 
|genus              = Trichomonas
 
|genus              = Trichomonas
|species            = Trichomonas gallinae
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|species            = ''Trichomonas gallinae
 
}}
 
}}
  
 
==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
[[File:Trichomonas.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Trichomonas sp with Giemsa staining. Note the posterior flagellae and undulating membrane. (Source - Wikimedia Commons)]]
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[[File:Trichomonas_gallinae_photo.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Trichomonas gallinae'' with Giemsa staining. Note the "projecting" terminal segment of the axostyle and undulating membrane. An important diagnostic feature is the lack of a free posterior flagellum (Source - Trichomonosis Research Team)]]
Trichomonas gallinae is the [[Protozoa | '''protozoal''']] pathogen responsible for [[Trichomonosis - Birds | '''Avian Trichomonosis''']].  
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''Trichomonas gallinae'' is the [[Protozoa | '''protozoal''']] pathogen responsible for [[Trichomonosis - Birds | '''Avian Trichomonosis''']].  
  
The parasite is identifiable microscopically by its four '''anterior flagellae''' and well developed '''undulating membrane''' on one side.  
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The parasite is identifiable microscopically by its four '''anterior flagellae''' and well developed '''undulating membrane''' on one side. ''T. gallinae'' has no posterior flagellum. Its body is divided by an ''axostyle''.
  
''T. gallinae'' has no posterior flagellum.
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The '''ellipsoidal or ovoid nucleus''' of the parasite is usually found in the posterior aspect of the organism.
Its body is divided by an ''axostyle''.
 
 
 
The '''ellipsoid nucleus''' of the parasite is usually found in the posterior aspect of the organism.
 
  
 
''T. gallinae'' requires sugars, starch and glycogen from host cells to survive and replicate.
 
''T. gallinae'' requires sugars, starch and glycogen from host cells to survive and replicate.
  
 
==Transmission==
 
==Transmission==
''Trichomonas gallinae'' is present '''worldwide''' in wild birds particularly the '''pigeon''' and other Columbids.  
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''Trichomonas gallinae'' is present '''worldwide''' in wild birds particularly the '''pigeon''' and other Columbids. This trichomonad is also common in turkeys as well as in chickens and pet birds.
  
Transmission between pigeons occurs orally during feeding and mating behaviour.  
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Transmission between pigeons occurs orally during feeding and mating behaviour. Survival in tap water for short periods ensures that the drinking water can be a source of infection for domestic fowl.
  
 
Transmission to domestic chickens and turkeys is achieved through contaminated '''water troughs''' that have been visited by wild birds.
 
Transmission to domestic chickens and turkeys is achieved through contaminated '''water troughs''' that have been visited by wild birds.
  
 
==Disease==
 
==Disease==
T gallinae causes '''yellow, necrotic lesions''' and plaques in the gastrointestinal tract of birds, particularly in the [[Crop - Anatomy and Physiology | crop]] and [[Oesophagus | oesophagus]].
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''T. gallinae'' causes "cankers", '''yellow, necrotic lesions''' and plaques in the gastrointestinal tract of birds, particularly in the [[Crop - Anatomy and Physiology | crop]] and [[Oesophagus | oesophagus]]. The upper digestive tract may be completely occluded, with large quantities of fluid accumulating in the crop. Among the rarer sites of infection are the spleen, kidney, upper respiratory tract and bone marrow.
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For more information see [[Trichomonosis - Birds|avian trichomoniasis]].
  
'''[[Anaemia]]''' is caused when the parasite binds to [[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]] and induces phagocytosis, causing '''haemolysis'''.
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{{Learning
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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A+%28trichomonas+gallinae%29/ ''Trichomonas gallinae'' Publications]
  
==Control==
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|flashcards = [[Trichomonas gallinae Flashcards | ''Trichomonas gallinae'' Flashcards]]
Prevention of disease relies upon prevention of wild birds’ access to domestic birds and their water supplies.
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}}
 
 
Relevant Links – [[Trichomonosis - Birds | Avian Trichomonosis]], [[Trichomonosis - Cattle | Bovine Trichomonosis]]
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
Animal Health & Production Compendium, Trichomonas gallinae datasheet, accessed 02/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
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{{CABI source
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|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=60589&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Trichomonas gallinae'']
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|date = 2 June 2011
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}}
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<br><br>
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{{Expert Reviewed
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|by = Dr Tiana Tasca and Dr De Carli
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|date = 30 August 2011}}
  
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{{OpenPages}}
  
[[Category:To Do - CABI Review]]
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[[Category:Miscellaneous Protozoa]]
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[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]

Latest revision as of 17:38, 17 August 2012


Trichomonas gallinae
Kingdom Protista
Phylum Protozoa
Order Trichomonadida
Family Trichomonadidae
Genus Trichomonas
Species Trichomonas gallinae

Introduction

Trichomonas gallinae with Giemsa staining. Note the "projecting" terminal segment of the axostyle and undulating membrane. An important diagnostic feature is the lack of a free posterior flagellum (Source - Trichomonosis Research Team)

Trichomonas gallinae is the protozoal pathogen responsible for Avian Trichomonosis.

The parasite is identifiable microscopically by its four anterior flagellae and well developed undulating membrane on one side. T. gallinae has no posterior flagellum. Its body is divided by an axostyle.

The ellipsoidal or ovoid nucleus of the parasite is usually found in the posterior aspect of the organism.

T. gallinae requires sugars, starch and glycogen from host cells to survive and replicate.

Transmission

Trichomonas gallinae is present worldwide in wild birds particularly the pigeon and other Columbids. This trichomonad is also common in turkeys as well as in chickens and pet birds.

Transmission between pigeons occurs orally during feeding and mating behaviour. Survival in tap water for short periods ensures that the drinking water can be a source of infection for domestic fowl.

Transmission to domestic chickens and turkeys is achieved through contaminated water troughs that have been visited by wild birds.

Disease

T. gallinae causes "cankers", yellow, necrotic lesions and plaques in the gastrointestinal tract of birds, particularly in the crop and oesophagus. The upper digestive tract may be completely occluded, with large quantities of fluid accumulating in the crop. Among the rarer sites of infection are the spleen, kidney, upper respiratory tract and bone marrow. For more information see avian trichomoniasis.


Trichomonas gallinae Learning Resources
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Flashcards
Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions
Trichomonas gallinae Flashcards
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Literature Search
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Trichomonas gallinae Publications


References


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This article was originally sourced from The Animal Health & Production Compendium (AHPC) published online by CABI during the OVAL Project.

The datasheet was accessed on 2 June 2011.









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