Difference between revisions of "Large Animal Nutrition Flashcards"

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|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
 
|a2=  
 
|a2=  
{| class="wikitable"
+
Grass (young)
|-
+
:DM:  15 - 20%
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:ME: 11.5 - 12.5 MJ/kg DM
|-
+
:CP:  150 - 250 g/kg DM
|Grass (young)||15 - 20 || 11.5 - 12.5 ||150 - 250
+
 
|-
+
Grass (mature)
|Grass (mature)||25 - 50 ||9.5 - 10.5 ||50 - 130
+
:DM: 25 - 50%
|}
+
:ME: 9.5 - 10.5 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 50 - 130 g/kg DM
 
|l2= Forage#Grass
 
|l2= Forage#Grass
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
Line 29: Line 30:
 
|l1=Forage#Silage and Haylage
 
|l1=Forage#Silage and Haylage
 
|q2=What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of silage and haylage?
 
|q2=What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of silage and haylage?
|a2=  
+
|a2= Silage
{| class="wikitable"
+
:DM: 15 - 20% (20-30% clamp) (40-50% bale)
|-
+
:ME: 9.5 - 12 MJ/kg DM
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)!! pH
+
:CP: 120 - 190 g/kg DM
|-
+
:pH: 3.8 - 4.8
|Silage || 15 - 20 (20-30 clamp)(40-50 bale)|| 9.5 - 12 ||120 - 190 || 3.8 - 4.8
+
 
|-
+
Haylage
|Haylage || 50-60 || 9 - 11.5 || 75 - 110 || 4.5 - 5.5
+
:DM: 50 - 60% (20-30% clamp) (40-50% bale)
|}
+
:ME: 9 - 11.5 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 75 - 110 g/kg DM
 +
:pH: 4.5 - 5.5
 
|l2= Forage#Silage and Haylage
 
|l2= Forage#Silage and Haylage
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
Line 53: Line 56:
 
|l1=Forage#Hay
 
|l1=Forage#Hay
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
+
|a2= Hay
|-
+
:DM: 80 - 90%
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:ME: 7.5 - 10.5 MJ/kg DM
|-
+
:CP: 50 - 150g/kg DM
|Hay || 80 - 90 || 7.5 - 10.5 ||50 - 150
 
|}
 
 
|l2= Forage#Hay
 
|l2= Forage#Hay
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
Line 74: Line 75:
 
|l1=Forage#Straw
 
|l1=Forage#Straw
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
|a2=  
+
|a2= Straw
{| class="wikitable"
+
:DM: 86 - 88%
|-
+
:ME: 6.1 - 7 MJ/kg DM  
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:CP: 34 - 38 g/kg DM
|-
+
 
|Straw || 86 - 88 || 6.1 - 7 || 34 - 38
+
Straw (ammoniated)
|-
+
:DM: 84 - 88%
|Straw (ammoniated)|| 84 - 88 || 7.4 - 7.8 || 68 - 75
+
:ME: 7.4 - 7.8 MJ/kg DM
|}
+
:CP: 68 - 75 g/kg DM
 
|l2= Forage#Straw
 
|l2= Forage#Straw
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
Line 98: Line 99:
 
|l1=Forage#Whole-Crop Cereal Silage
 
|l1=Forage#Whole-Crop Cereal Silage
 
|q2= What are the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) ranges of these feeds?
 
|q2= What are the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) ranges of these feeds?
|a2=  
+
|a2= Maize whole-crop silage
{| class="wikitable"
+
:DM: 22 - 35%
|-
+
:ME: 10.5 - 12 MJ/kg DM
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:CP: 65 - 110 g/kg DM
|-
+
 
|Maize whole-crop silage || 22 - 35 || 10.5 - 12 ||65 - 110
+
Barley whole-crop silage
|-
+
:DM: 30 - 40%
|Barley whole-crop silage || 30 - 40 ||9 - 11 ||80 - 110
+
:ME: 9 - 11 MJ/kg DM
|}
+
:CP: 80 - 110 g/kg DM
 
|l2= Forage#Whole-Crop Cereal Silage
 
|l2= Forage#Whole-Crop Cereal Silage
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
Line 122: Line 123:
 
|l1=Forage#Clovers and Lucerne
 
|l1=Forage#Clovers and Lucerne
 
|q2=.  What are the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) ranges of these feeds?
 
|q2=.  What are the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) ranges of these feeds?
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
+
|a2= Clover
|-
+
:DM: 18 - 20%
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:ME: 9.5 - 10.5 MJ/kg DM  
|-
+
:CP: 170 - 250 g/kg DM
|Clover || 18 - 20 || 9 - 10.5 || 170 - 250
+
 
|-
+
Lucerne
|Lucerne || 22 - 25 || 8 - 10.5 || 150 - 200
+
:DM: 22 - 35%
|-
+
:ME: 8 - 10.5 MJ/kg DM
|Lucerne Hay || 84 - 88 || 8 - 10.5 || 200 - 225
+
:CP: 150 - 200 g/kg DM
|}
+
 
 +
Lucerne Hay
 +
:DM: 84 - 88%
 +
:ME: 8 - 10.5 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 200 - 225 g/kg DM
 
|l2= Forage#Clovers and Lucerne
 
|l2= Forage#Clovers and Lucerne
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
Line 147: Line 152:
 
|l1=Forage#Kale and Rape
 
|l1=Forage#Kale and Rape
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
+
|a2= Kale
|-
+
:DM: 14%  
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:ME: 11 MJ/kg DM  
|-
+
:CP: 160 g/kg DM
|Kale || 14 || 11 || 160
+
 
|-
+
Rape
|Rape || 14 || 9.5 || 200
+
:DM: 14%
|}
+
:ME: 9.5 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 200 g/kg DM
 
|l2= Forage#Kale and Rape
 
|l2= Forage#Kale and Rape
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
Line 170: Line 176:
 
|l1=Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Turnip and Swede
 
|l1=Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Turnip and Swede
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
+
|a2= Turnip
|-
+
:DM: 9%  
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:ME: 11.2 MJ/kg DM  
|-
+
:CP: 120 g/kg DM
|Turnip || 9 || 11.2 || 120
+
 
|-
+
Swede
|Swede || 12 || 12.8 || 110
+
:DM: 12%
|}
+
:ME: 12.8 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 110 g/kg DM
 
|l2= Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Turnip and Swede
 
|l2= Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Turnip and Swede
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
Line 193: Line 200:
 
|l1= Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Mangel, Fodderbeet and Sugarbeet  
 
|l1= Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Mangel, Fodderbeet and Sugarbeet  
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
+
|a2= Mangel
|-
+
Maize whole-crop silage
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:DM: 12%  
|-
+
:ME: 12.4 MJ/kg DM  
|Mangel || 12 || 12.4 ||80
+
:CP: 80 g/kg DM
|-
+
 
|Fodderbeet || 18 ||11.9 ||70
+
Fodderbeet
|}
+
:DM: 18%
 +
:ME: 11.9 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 70 g/kg DM
 
|l2= Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Mangel, Fodderbeet and Sugarbeet
 
|l2= Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Mangel, Fodderbeet and Sugarbeet
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
Line 216: Line 225:
 
|l1= Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Sugarbeet Pulp
 
|l1= Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Sugarbeet Pulp
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of this feed?
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of this feed?
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
+
|a2= SB pulp (unmolassed)
|-
+
Maize whole-crop silage
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:DM: 90%  
|-
+
:ME: 12.7 MJ/kg DM  
|SB pulp (unmolassed) || 90 || 12.7 ||100
+
:CP: 100 g/kg DM
|-
+
 
|SB pulp (molassed) || 87 ||12.5 ||110
+
SB pulp (molassed)
|}
+
:DM: 87%
 +
:ME: 12.5 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 110 g/kg DM
 
|l2= Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Sugarbeet Pulp
 
|l2= Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Sugarbeet Pulp
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
Line 239: Line 250:
 
|l1= Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Molasses
 
|l1= Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Molasses
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
+
|a2= Molasses
|-
+
:DM: 75%  
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:ME: 12.9 MJ/kg DM  
|-
+
:CP: 50 g/kg DM
|Molasses || 75 || 12.9 ||50
 
|}
 
 
|l2= Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Molasses
 
|l2= Roots, Tubers and By-Products#Molasses
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
Line 258: Line 267:
 
|q1= Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources?   
 
|q1= Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources?   
 
|a1= These types of feed are classified as iii) cereals or their by-products, specifically cereal grains.
 
|a1= These types of feed are classified as iii) cereals or their by-products, specifically cereal grains.
|l1= Cereals and By-Products#Barley, Wheat and Oats  
+
|l1= Cereals and By-Products#Barley, Wheat & Oats  
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
|a2= All cereal grains are typically 86% DM. 
+
|a2= Barley
{| class="wikitable"
+
:DM: 86%  
|-
+
:ME: 12.8 MJ/kg DM  
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:CP: 110 g/kg DM
|-
+
 
|Barley  || 86 || 12.8 || 110
+
Wheat
|-
+
:DM: 75%
|Wheat  || 86 || 13.5 || 120
+
:ME: 13.5 MJ/kg DM
|-
+
:CP: 120 g/kg DM
|Oats || 86 || 12 || 110
+
 
|}
+
Oats
|l2= Cereals and By-Products#Barley, Wheat and Oats  
+
:DM: 86%
 +
:ME: 12 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 110 g/kg DM
 +
|l2= Cereals and By-Products#Barley, Wheat & Oats  
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|a3= Barley, wheat and oats are all starch rich cereal grains.  They can be fed whole or processed.  During processing, these grains can be rolled, bruised, milled, crimped, micronised, or treated with alkali or acid (e.g.prop-corn).  In general, cattle need the grains to be processed more than sheep and goats.   
 
|a3= Barley, wheat and oats are all starch rich cereal grains.  They can be fed whole or processed.  During processing, these grains can be rolled, bruised, milled, crimped, micronised, or treated with alkali or acid (e.g.prop-corn).  In general, cattle need the grains to be processed more than sheep and goats.   
|l3= Cereals and By-Products#Barley, Wheat and Oats  
+
|l3= Cereals and By-Products#Barley, Wheat & Oats  
 
|q4= What concerns are associated with these feeds?
 
|q4= What concerns are associated with these feeds?
 
|a4= Bloat.  Acidosis.  Soft fat.  Liver abscesses.  Cereals typically very poor source of calcium and deficient in Vitamins A and D.   
 
|a4= Bloat.  Acidosis.  Soft fat.  Liver abscesses.  Cereals typically very poor source of calcium and deficient in Vitamins A and D.   
|l4= Cereals and By-Products#Barley, Wheat and Oats  
+
|l4= Cereals and By-Products#Barley, Wheat & Oats  
 
</FlashCard>
 
</FlashCard>
  
Line 286: Line 298:
 
|l1=Cereals and By-Products#Distillery and Brewing By-Products
 
|l1=Cereals and By-Products#Distillery and Brewing By-Products
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
+
|a2= Brewer's grains
|-
+
:DM: 26%  
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:ME: 11.2 MJ/kg DM  
|-
+
:CP: 250 g/kg DM
|Brewer’s grains  || 26 || 11.2  || 250
+
 
|-
+
Distiller's grains (draff)
|Distiller’s grains (draff) || 25 || 14.7 || 270
+
:DM: 25%
|-
+
:ME: 14.7 MJ/kg DM
|Distiller’s dark grains || 89 || 12.2 14.8 || 275 - 350
+
:CP: 270 g/kg DM
|-
+
 
|Malt culms  || 90 || 11.2 || 270
+
Distiller's dark grains
|}
+
:DM: 89%
 +
:ME: 12.2 - 14.8 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 275 - 350 g/kg DM
 +
 
 +
Malt Culms
 +
:DM: 90%
 +
:ME: 11.2 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 270 g/kg DM
 
|l2= Cereals and By-Products# Distillery and Brewing By-Products
 
|l2= Cereals and By-Products# Distillery and Brewing By-Products
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
Line 311: Line 330:
 
||q1= Are these feeds classified as i) forage; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources?   
 
||q1= Are these feeds classified as i) forage; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources?   
 
|a1= These types of feed are classified as iii) cereals or their by-products.
 
|a1= These types of feed are classified as iii) cereals or their by-products.
|l1=Cereals and By-Products#Maize and Maize gluten feed
+
|l1=Cereals and By-Products#Maize and Maize Gluten Feed
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
|a2={| class="wikitable"
+
|a2= Maize
|-
+
Molasses
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:DM: 86%  
|-
+
:ME: 14.2 MJ/kg DM  
|Maize || 86 || 14.2  || 98
+
:CP: 98 g/kg DM
|-
+
 
|Flaked Maize || 90 || 15 || 110
+
Flaked Maize
|-
+
:DM: 90%
|Maize gluten feed || 90 || 12.7 || 250
+
:ME: 15 MJ/kg DM
|} 
+
:CP: 110 g/kg DM
|l2= Cereals and By-Products#Maize and Maize gluten feed
+
 
 +
Maize gluten feed
 +
:DM: 90%
 +
:ME: 12.7 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 250 g/kg DM
 +
|l2= Cereals and By-Products#Maize and Maize Gluten Feed
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|a3= These feeds are typically processed and may be flaked, rolled or micronised.  They are suitable for ruminants and non-ruminants.  Maize and maize gluten feed have high digestible energy, but poor source of calcium.  
 
|a3= These feeds are typically processed and may be flaked, rolled or micronised.  They are suitable for ruminants and non-ruminants.  Maize and maize gluten feed have high digestible energy, but poor source of calcium.  
|l3= Cereals and By-Products#Maize and Maize gluten feed
+
|l3= Cereals and By-Products#Maize and Maize Gluten Feed
 
|q4= What concerns are associated with these feeds?
 
|q4= What concerns are associated with these feeds?
 
|a4= Maize and maize gluten feed can cause bloat and acidosis.  The carcase fat colour can have a yellow pigmentation (due to presence of cryptoxanthin).   
 
|a4= Maize and maize gluten feed can cause bloat and acidosis.  The carcase fat colour can have a yellow pigmentation (due to presence of cryptoxanthin).   
|l4= Cereals and By-Products#Maize and Maize gluten feed
+
|l4= Cereals and By-Products#Maize and Maize Gluten Feed
 
</FlashCard>
 
</FlashCard>
  
Line 339: Line 363:
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
 
|a2= All oilseed meals are generally 90% DM.   
 
|a2= All oilseed meals are generally 90% DM.   
{| class="wikitable"
+
Soyabean Meal
|-
+
Molasses
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:DM: 90%  
|-
+
:ME: 13.3 - 15.5 MJ/kg DM  
|Soyabean meal || 90 || 13.3 – 15.5  || 400 - 500
+
:CP: 400 - 500g/kg DM
|-
+
 
|Cottonseed meal || 90 || 8.5 12.5 || 230 - 450
+
Cottonseed meal
|-
+
:DM: 90%
|Rapeseed meal || 90 || 12 || 400
+
:ME: 8.5 - 12.5 MJ/kg DM
|-
+
:CP: 230 - 450 g/kg DM
|Linseed meal || 90 || 12 || 400
+
 
|-
+
Rapeseed Meal
|Sunflowerseed meal || 90 || 9.5 10.5 || 300 - 430
+
:DM: 90%
 +
:ME: 12 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 400g/kg DM
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Linseed Meal
 +
:DM: 90%
 +
:ME: 12 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 400g/kg DM
 +
 
 +
Sunflowerseed Meal
 +
:DM: 90%
 +
:ME: 9.5 - 10.5 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 300 - 430 g/kg DM
 
|}|l2= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Oilseed Meals
 
|}|l2= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Oilseed Meals
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|a3= Soyabean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, linseed meal and sunflowerseed meal belong to the oilseed meal family.  Oilseed meals are by-products and residues following the removal of oil from the seeds.  They are a very good protein source with high digestibility and are a better source of calcium and phosphorus than cereals.   
 
|a3= Soyabean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, linseed meal and sunflowerseed meal belong to the oilseed meal family.  Oilseed meals are by-products and residues following the removal of oil from the seeds.  They are a very good protein source with high digestibility and are a better source of calcium and phosphorus than cereals.   
|l3= Protein Concentrates and Sources# Oilseed Meals
+
|l3= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Oilseed Meals
 
|q4= What concerns are associated with these feeds?
 
|q4= What concerns are associated with these feeds?
 
|a4= Soyabeans are oestrogenic, goitrogenic and can contain high levels of lectins.  Cottonseeds are low in essential amino acids, calcium and vitamins A and D, and can contain elevated levels of gossypols.  Rapeseeds are goitrogenic and can contain elevated levels of tannins.  Immature linseed has mucilage that is converted to hydrogen cyanide.  Sunflowerseeds cause soft body fat in pigs due to high PUFA levels.     
 
|a4= Soyabeans are oestrogenic, goitrogenic and can contain high levels of lectins.  Cottonseeds are low in essential amino acids, calcium and vitamins A and D, and can contain elevated levels of gossypols.  Rapeseeds are goitrogenic and can contain elevated levels of tannins.  Immature linseed has mucilage that is converted to hydrogen cyanide.  Sunflowerseeds cause soft body fat in pigs due to high PUFA levels.     
|l4= Protein Concentrates and Sources# Oilseed Meals  
+
|l4= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Oilseed Meals  
 
</FlashCard>
 
</FlashCard>
  
Line 365: Line 402:
 
||q1= Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources?   
 
||q1= Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources?   
 
|a1= These types of feed are classified as iv) protein concentrates and sources.
 
|a1= These types of feed are classified as iv) protein concentrates and sources.
|l1= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Leguminous seeds
+
|l1= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Leguminous Seeds
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds?
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
+
|a2= Peas
|-
+
:DM: 86%  
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:ME: 13.8 MJ/kg DM  
|-
+
:CP: 260g/kg DM
|Peas || 86 || 13.8  || 260
+
 
|-
+
Beans
|Beans || 86 || 13.4 || 280
+
:DM: 86%
|-
+
:ME: 13.4 MJ/kg DM
|Lupin seed meal || 90 || 13.2 || 280 - 420
+
:CP: 280g/kg DM
|}
+
 
|l2= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Leguminous seeds
+
Lupin Seed Meal
 +
:DM: 90%
 +
:ME: 13.2 MJ/kg DM
 +
:CP: 280 - 420 g/kg DM
 +
|l2= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Leguminous Seeds
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of these feeds?
 
|a3= Leguminous seeds consists of peas, beans (broad, horse, windsor) and lupin (white, blue and yellow varieties) seeds.  Leguminous seeds have a high protein content, good energy content and high phosphorus concentration, but tend to be low in calcium.  Leguminous seeds can be eaten whole or processed (cracked, kibbled or ground).  They are often used in place of other protein concentrations.   
 
|a3= Leguminous seeds consists of peas, beans (broad, horse, windsor) and lupin (white, blue and yellow varieties) seeds.  Leguminous seeds have a high protein content, good energy content and high phosphorus concentration, but tend to be low in calcium.  Leguminous seeds can be eaten whole or processed (cracked, kibbled or ground).  They are often used in place of other protein concentrations.   
|l3= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Leguminous seeds
+
|l3= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Leguminous Seeds
 
|q4= What concerns are associated with these feeds?
 
|q4= What concerns are associated with these feeds?
 
|a4= Some bean species may contain high levels of lectins.  Lupin seeds may contain high levels of alkaloids (e.g. ergotamine).  Can be associated with GI tract disturbances (colic, diarrhoea).   
 
|a4= Some bean species may contain high levels of lectins.  Lupin seeds may contain high levels of alkaloids (e.g. ergotamine).  Can be associated with GI tract disturbances (colic, diarrhoea).   
|l4=Protein Concentrates and Sources#Leguminous seeds
+
|l4=Protein Concentrates and Sources#Leguminous Seeds
 
</FlashCard>
 
</FlashCard>
  
Line 390: Line 431:
 
|q1= Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source?   
 
|q1= Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source?   
 
|a1= This feed is classified as iv) protein concentrates & source.
 
|a1= This feed is classified as iv) protein concentrates & source.
|l1= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Animal Protein
+
|l1= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Fishmeal
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
 
|q2= What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed?
|a2= {| class="wikitable"
+
|a2= Fishmeal
|-
+
:DM: 91%  
!  !! DM (%) !! ME (MJ/kg DM) !! CP (g/kg DM)
+
:ME: 14.5 - 18 MJ/kg DM  
|-
+
:CP: 700 - 800 g/kg DM
|Fishmeal || 91 || 14.5 - 18  || 700 - 800
 
|}
 
 
|l2= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Fishmeal
 
|l2= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Fishmeal
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
 
|q3= What are the characteristics of this feed?
|a3= For ruminants, fishmeal can only be used in unweaned calf milk replacers. Pigs, poultry and horses are permitted fishmeal. Fishmeal is included in small amounts and has many essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Contains high levels of calcium and phosphorus.  UK produced fishmeal tends to be slightly lower nutritive value than herring or South American derived fishmeal.   
+
|a3= For ruminants, fishmeal can only be used in unweaned calf milk replacers. Pigs, poultry and horses are permitted fishmeal. Fishmeal is included in small amounts and has many essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Contains high levels of calcium and phosphorus.  UK produced fishmeal tends to be slightly lower nutritive value than herring or South American derived fishmeal.   
 
|l3= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Fishmeal
 
|l3= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Fishmeal
 
|q4= What concerns are associated with this feed?   
 
|q4= What concerns are associated with this feed?   
|a4= Fishmeal is under severe restriction within the UK and EU. For ruminants, fishmeal can only be used in unweaned calf milk replacers. Pigs, poultry and horses are permitted fishmeal. High intakes are associated with taint of meat and eggs.   
+
|a4= Fishmeal is under severe restriction within the UK and EU. For ruminants, fishmeal can only be used in unweaned calf milk replacers. Pigs, poultry and horses are permitted fishmeal. High intakes are associated with taint of meat and eggs.   
 
|l4= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Fishmeal
 
|l4= Protein Concentrates and Sources#Fishmeal
 
</FlashCard>
 
</FlashCard>
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</FlashCard>
 
</FlashCard>
  
[[Category:Animal Nutrition|Z]]
+
[[Category:Large Animal Nutrition|Z]]
 +
[[Category:To Do]]

Latest revision as of 09:19, 27 October 2015

Grass

Question Answer Article
Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of this feed? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with this feed? Link to Article


Silage and Haylage

Question Answer Article
Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of silage and haylage? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of these feeds? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with these feeds? Link to Article


Hay

Question Answer Article
Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of this feed? Link to Article
What concern is associated with this feed? Link to Article


Straw

Question Answer Article
Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of this feed? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with this feed? Link to Article


Whole-Crop Cereal Silages

Question Answer Article
Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources? Link to Article
What are the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) ranges of these feeds? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of these feeds? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with this feed? Link to Article


Clovers and Lucerne

Question Answer Article
Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources? Link to Article
. What are the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) ranges of these feeds? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of these feeds? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with these feeds? Link to Article


Kale and Rape

Question Answer Article
Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of these feeds? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with these feeds? Link to Article


Turnip and Swede

Question Answer Article
Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of these feeds? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with these feeds? Link to Article


Mangel, Fodderbeet and Sugarbeet

Question Answer Article
Are these feeds classified as i) forage; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of these feeds? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with these feeds? Link to Article


Sugarbeet Pulp

Question Answer Article
Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of this feed? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of this feed? Link to Article
What concerns is associated with this feed? Link to Article


Molasses

Question Answer Article
Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of this feed? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with this feed? Link to Article


Barley, Wheat and Oats

Question Answer Article
Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of these feeds? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with these feeds? Link to Article


Distillery and Brewing By-Products

Question Answer Article
Is this feed classified as i) forage; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of these feeds? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with these feeds? Link to Article


Maize and Maize Gluten Feed

Question Answer Article
Are these feeds classified as i) forage; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of these feeds? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with these feeds? Link to Article


Oilseed Meals

Question Answer Article
Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of these feeds? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with these feeds? Link to Article


Leguminous Seeds

Question Answer Article
Are these feeds classified as i) forages; ii) roots, tubers or their by-products; iii) cereals or their by-products; or iv) protein concentrates & sources? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) of these feeds? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of these feeds? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with these feeds? Link to Article


Fishmeal

Question Answer Article
Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source? Link to Article
What is the typical dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) range of this feed? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of this feed? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with this feed? Link to Article


Urea

Question Answer Article
Is this feed classified as a i) forage; ii) root, tuber or their by-product; iii) cereal or their by-product; or iv) protein concentrate & source? Link to Article
What is the crude protein (CP) content of this feed? Link to Article
What are the characteristics of this feed? Link to Article
What concerns are associated with this feed? Link to Article