Difference between revisions of "Sarcoptic Mange"

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==Transmission==
+
{{OpenPagesTop}}
[[Image:Puppy sarcoptic mange.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Puppy with sarcoptic mange - Wikimedia Commons]]
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Also known as: '''''Scabies'''''
*Close contact
 
  
*Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another
+
== Introduction ==
 +
[[Image:Puppy sarcoptic mange.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<b>Puppy with sarcoptic mange</b> <br /> Caroldermoid 2006, Wikimedia Commons]]
 +
[[Image:Scabies human skin pruritus.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Scabies on human skin resulting in pruritus - Geary 2006,Wikimedia Commons]]
 +
Sarcoptic mange is a relatively common skin disease of dogs and other species, in the UK. It can affect animals of all ages, but may be most severe in puppies. It can also transfer to humans where it cannot burrow, but will cause a pruritic, erythrematous dermatitis.
  
 +
Transmission of the disease is by direct contact.
  
==Pathogenesis==
+
The mite ''[[Sarcoptes|Sarcoptes scabiei]]'' is the cause. Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish.
*Erythema with papule formation
 
  
*Scale and crust formation
+
The disease is common in the dog, rare in the cat and quite common in pigs, where the disease is also severe. In cattle, sheep and horses the disease is notifiable and rare.
**Alopecia
 
  
*Intense pruritus for 1 week
+
Sarcoptic Mange is an important condition in pigs where 35% of pigs are asymptomatic carriers of the infection. Transmission is usually via direct contact from sow to piglets whilst suckling and from boars to gilts at service.
**Self-inflicted trauma
 
**Scab formation
 
  
*Wrinkling and thickening of skin
+
== Clinical Signs ==
  
*[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Hypersensitivity]] may develop
+
The disease is characterised by erythema with papule formation, scale and crust formation, alopecia and intense pruritus for at least one week. This will often appear clinically as self-inflicted trauma wounds and scab formation.
**Rash develops
 
  
 +
There will be a wrinkling and thickening of skin in the chronic cases too and [[Hypersensitivity - Introduction|hypersensitivity]] may develop.
  
''Sarcoptes scabiei''
+
In the dog, clinical signs are characteristic with the first signs appearing at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows. It is intensely pruritic.
*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Scabies|scabies]]
 
  
*Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish
+
First signs of infestation in pigs appear on the ears before spreading to the rest of the body, which is the same as dogs.
  
 +
== Diagnosis ==
  
==Diagnosis==
+
Diagnosis can be made by the characteristic clinical signs. A deep skin scraping should be taken (skin scraping until capillary blood appears) then viewed under the microscope for identification of mites. Slides are prepared by placing material on a slide, adding 10% KOH and warming over a bunsen flame. Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically.
*Skin scraping until capillary blood appears
 
**Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically
 
  
*Place material on a microscope slide
+
A '''serological test''' to determine the presence of anti-''Sarcoptes'' [[IgG]] is also available in dogs. This test is reported to have a sensitivity ranging between 83% and 92% and a specificity ranging between 89.5% and 92%.
  
*Add 10% KOH
+
== Treatment and Control==
  
*Warm slide over bunsen flame
+
An [[Ectoparasiticides|acaricide]] should be used to treat this infection.
  
 +
Both infected and in-contact animals should be treated, older products have to be given in repeat treatments. Avermectins are effective in farm animals and Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs.
  
==Treatment==
+
All bedding and materials that have come into contact with the animal, e.g. the car, must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
*Acaricide
 
**For more information on acaricides click [[Ectoparasiticides|here]]
 
  
*Treat both infected and in-contact animals
+
Control for pigs includes treating sows before entering the farrowing pen and treating boars at 6 month intervals.
  
*Older products have to be given in repeat treatments
 
  
*Avermectins are effective in farm animals
+
Also see: <big><b>[[Mites - Ferrets#Scabies|Scabies in Ferrets]]</b></big>
  
*Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs
+
{{Learning
 +
|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis02359.asp Sarcoptic mange]
  
 +
|flashcards = [[Mites Flashcards|Mites Flashcards]]
  
<big>
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[[Small Animal Dermatology Q&A 11]]
 +
}}
  
'''[[Sarcoptic Mange - Dog|In Dogs]]
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== References ==
  
'''[[Sarcoptic Mange - Cat|In Cats]]'''
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Foster, A, and Foll, C. (2003) '''BSAVA small animal dermatology '''(second edition) ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association''
  
'''[[Sarcoptic Mange - Pig|In Pigs]]'''
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Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) '''Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ectoparasites''''' Royal Veterinary College ''
  
 +
Patel, A. (2008) '''Small animal dermatology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''
  
'''Cattle'''
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Taylor, D.J. (2006) '''Pig Diseases '''(Eighth edition)'' St Edmunsdbury Press ltd''
*Most frequently seen in housed cattle
 
  
*'''Notifiable in USA and Canada'''
 
  
*Often called 'neck and tail mange' as lesions most often seen on neck and tail
 
  
*Infestation adversely affects productivity
+
{{review}}
  
 +
{{OpenPages}}
  
'''Sheep'''
+
[[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]] [[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]][[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Pig]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]
*'''Notifiable in UK'''
+
[[Category:Zoonoses]]
 
 
*Lesions on hairy parts of face
 
**E.g. Face, ears, axillae and groin
 
 
 
*Causes considerable hide damage in local African breeds of long haired sheep
 
 
 
 
 
'''Horses'''
 
*'''Notifiable in UK'''
 
 
 
*Lesions begin on head, neck and shoulders then spread to rest of body[[Category:Parasites]][[Category:Mites]]
 

Latest revision as of 12:16, 23 August 2015


Also known as: Scabies

Introduction

Puppy with sarcoptic mange
Caroldermoid 2006, Wikimedia Commons
Scabies on human skin resulting in pruritus - Geary 2006,Wikimedia Commons

Sarcoptic mange is a relatively common skin disease of dogs and other species, in the UK. It can affect animals of all ages, but may be most severe in puppies. It can also transfer to humans where it cannot burrow, but will cause a pruritic, erythrematous dermatitis.

Transmission of the disease is by direct contact.

The mite Sarcoptes scabiei is the cause. Strains of S. scabiei can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish.

The disease is common in the dog, rare in the cat and quite common in pigs, where the disease is also severe. In cattle, sheep and horses the disease is notifiable and rare.

Sarcoptic Mange is an important condition in pigs where 35% of pigs are asymptomatic carriers of the infection. Transmission is usually via direct contact from sow to piglets whilst suckling and from boars to gilts at service.

Clinical Signs

The disease is characterised by erythema with papule formation, scale and crust formation, alopecia and intense pruritus for at least one week. This will often appear clinically as self-inflicted trauma wounds and scab formation.

There will be a wrinkling and thickening of skin in the chronic cases too and hypersensitivity may develop.

In the dog, clinical signs are characteristic with the first signs appearing at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows. It is intensely pruritic.

First signs of infestation in pigs appear on the ears before spreading to the rest of the body, which is the same as dogs.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis can be made by the characteristic clinical signs. A deep skin scraping should be taken (skin scraping until capillary blood appears) then viewed under the microscope for identification of mites. Slides are prepared by placing material on a slide, adding 10% KOH and warming over a bunsen flame. Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically.

A serological test to determine the presence of anti-Sarcoptes IgG is also available in dogs. This test is reported to have a sensitivity ranging between 83% and 92% and a specificity ranging between 89.5% and 92%.

Treatment and Control

An acaricide should be used to treat this infection.

Both infected and in-contact animals should be treated, older products have to be given in repeat treatments. Avermectins are effective in farm animals and Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs.

All bedding and materials that have come into contact with the animal, e.g. the car, must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.

Control for pigs includes treating sows before entering the farrowing pen and treating boars at 6 month intervals.


Also see: Scabies in Ferrets


Sarcoptic Mange Learning Resources
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Vetstream
To reach the Vetstream content, please select
Canis, Felis, Lapis or Equis
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Flashcards
Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions
Mites Flashcards

Small Animal Dermatology Q&A 11


References

Foster, A, and Foll, C. (2003) BSAVA small animal dermatology (second edition) British Small Animal Veterinary Association

Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ectoparasites Royal Veterinary College

Patel, A. (2008) Small animal dermatology Elsevier Health Sciences

Taylor, D.J. (2006) Pig Diseases (Eighth edition) St Edmunsdbury Press ltd




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