Difference between revisions of "Category:Nematodes"

From WikiVet English
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(21 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{unfinished}}
+
{{frontpage
 
+
|pagetitle =Nematodes
== Introduction ==
+
|pagebody = <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">
[[Image:Soybean cyst nematode EM.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Soybean Cyst Nematode and Egg, Scanning Electron Micrograph - Wikimedia Commons]]
+
Nematodes are one of the most prolific life-forms on this planet. Most are free-living, with species adapted to every imaginable habitat. Some are parasitic on plants, and others on animals. The animal parasitic nematodes form a large and diverse array of organisms. Occlusion of [[Pancreas - Parasitic Pathology|pancreatic ducts]] sometimes happens.  
[[Image:Mononchidae eating a Mononchidae.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Mononchidae eating a Mononchidae - Wikimedia Commons]]
 
Nematodes are one of the most prolific life-forms on this planet. Most are free-living, with species adapted to every imaginable habitat. Some are parasitic on plants, and others on animals. The animal parasitic nematodes form a large and diverse array of organisms.
 
 
 
== The Nematodes ==
 
=== Recognition Features ===
 
*A unique feature of the nematodes is that the fluid in the body cavity is maintained under high pressure (this is why nematodes often burst after collection)
 
*They therefore have a tough elastic cuticle which often forms elaborate structures useful for identification
 
*A muscular pharynx is needed to pump food into the intestine
 
*The shape of the pharynx is characteristic in some groups
 
*There is a nerve ring around the pharynx and four longitudinal nerves with ganglia that co-ordinate movement (many anthelmintics act by disrupting neuromuscular co-ordination)
 
*The sexes are separate:
 
**the female tail generally ends in a blunt point
 
**males usually have two chitinous rods that can be protruded through the cloaca to hold the female - these are called spicules and, being chitinous, are easily seen under the microscope. As these differ in shape and size between species, they are very useful in identification
 
*The '''bursate nematodes''' are characterised by a large expansion of the cuticle of the male tail to form a clasping organ (the bursa)
 
*Other modifications of the cuticle on both male and female nematodes useful for identification include:
 
**'''alae''' (wing-like protrusions)
 
**'''vesicles''' (swellings around the whole circumference of the body)
 
*The heads of some nematodes have structures such as:
 
**leaf-like lips around the mouth (the '''leaf-crown''')
 
**a '''buccal cavity'''
 
**'''teeth''' or '''cutting plates'''
 
 
 
=== Feeding Habits ===
 
*Many intestinal nematodes are closely applied to the mucosal surface
 
*Some swallow ingesta and/or host secretions.
 
*Others suck a plug of mucosa into the buccal cavity (plug feeders), leaving a circular ulcer
 
*Yet others bury their heads deep into the mucosa and suck blood
 
 
 
=== General Life-Cycle ===
 
*The basic life-cycle is very simple:
 
**egg → L1 → L2 → L3 → L4 → adult
 
*With a moult in between each larval stage
 
*But there are many variations on this theme
 
 
 
=== Nematode Eggs ===
 
*These vary greatly in appearance and are very useful for diagnosis as they can often be detected and counted in faecal samples
 
*NOTE: we use the typical '''strongyle''' egg to provide us with a yard-stick for comparing sizes. A "large egg", for example, means larger than a strongyle egg. A typical strongyle egg is approximately '''80µm''' long
 
 
 
== Nematode Superfamilies ==
 
<ncl style=compact maxdepth=5 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:{{PAGENAME}}</ncl>
 
 
 
<big>
 
 
 
[[:Category:Bursate Nematodes|'''BURSATE''']]
 
 
 
*[[Trichostrongyloidea]]
 
 
 
*[[Strongyloidea]]
 
 
 
*[[Ancylostomatoidea]] (Hook worms)
 
 
 
*[[Metastrongyloidae]]</big>
 
 
 
NOTE: the Trichostrongyloidea, Strongyloidea and hookworms are very closely related, and are often collectively known as '''"the strongyles"'''. Typically, they produce almost identical eggs, called '''"typical strongyle eggs"'''.
 
 
 
<big>[[:Category:Non-Bursate Nematodes|'''NON-BURSATE''']]
 
 
 
*[[Ascaridoidea]]
 
 
 
*[[Oxyuroidea]]
 
 
 
*[[Rhabditoidea]]
 
 
 
*[[Trichinelloidea]]
 
 
 
*[[Spiruroidea]]
 
 
 
*[[Filarioidea]]</big>
 
 
 
 
From the veterinary view-point, the nematodes are most conveniently grouped into '''superfamilies''' because their members often have similar life-cycles and epidemiological features. Superfamily names end in -oidea (the anglicised form is -oid, as in trichostrongyloid).
 
From the veterinary view-point, the nematodes are most conveniently grouped into '''superfamilies''' because their members often have similar life-cycles and epidemiological features. Superfamily names end in -oidea (the anglicised form is -oid, as in trichostrongyloid).
 
+
</div>
== Nematodes of Different Species ==
+
|contenttitle =Content
 
+
|contentbody =<big><b>
[[:Category:Cattle Nematodes|Cattle Nematodes]]
+
<br>
 
+
<categorytree mode="pages">Nematodes</categorytree>
[[:Category:Sheep Nematodes|Sheep Nematodes]]
 
 
 
[[:Category:Goat Nematodes|Goat Nematodes]]
 
 
 
[[Horses]]
 
 
 
[[Pigs]]
 
 
 
[[Poultry]]
 
 
 
[[Small Animals]]
 
 
 
[[Endoparasites - Donkey|Donkey]]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
Occlusion of pancreatic ducts sometimes happens [[Pancreas Parasitic - Pathology]]
+
Nematodes of Different Species
 +
:[[:Category:Cattle Nematodes|Cattle Nematodes]]
 +
:[[:Category:Sheep Nematodes|Sheep Nematodes]]
 +
:[[:Category:Goat Nematodes|Goat Nematodes]]
 +
:[[:Category:Horse Nematodes|Horse Nematodes]]
 +
:[[:Category:Pig Nematodes|Pig Nematodes]]
 +
:[[:Category:Avian Nematodes|Avian Nematodes]]
 +
:[[:Category:Dog Nematodes|Dog Nematodes]]
 +
:[[:Category:Cat Nematodes|Cat Nematodes]]
 +
:[[Rabbit Nematodes]]
 +
:[[:Category:Rodent Nematodes|Rodent Nematodes]]
 +
:[[Endoparasites - Donkey|Donkey Endoparasites]]
 +
</b></big>
 +
|logo = Nematode logo.jpg
 +
}}
  
[[Category:Helminths]]
+
[[Category:Helminths]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]]

Latest revision as of 17:13, 24 January 2011

Nematodes

Nematodes are one of the most prolific life-forms on this planet. Most are free-living, with species adapted to every imaginable habitat. Some are parasitic on plants, and others on animals. The animal parasitic nematodes form a large and diverse array of organisms. Occlusion of pancreatic ducts sometimes happens. From the veterinary view-point, the nematodes are most conveniently grouped into superfamilies because their members often have similar life-cycles and epidemiological features. Superfamily names end in -oidea (the anglicised form is -oid, as in trichostrongyloid).

Subcategories

This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.

B

N

Pages in category "Nematodes"

The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total.