Difference between revisions of "Category:Intestine - Mechanical Obstruction"

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(Created page with '* Acute of chronic mechanical obstruction of the intestine can occur in all species. ** Acute obstruction usually involves the upper or middle [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physi…')
 
 
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* Acute of chronic mechanical obstruction of the intestine can occur in all species.
 
* Acute of chronic mechanical obstruction of the intestine can occur in all species.
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** Acute obstruction usually involves the upper or middle [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]
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** Acute obstruction usually involves the upper or middle [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]
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** Chronic obstruction typically occurs in the distal [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] or [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]].   
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** Chronic obstruction typically occurs in the distal [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] or [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]].   
 
* Three main categories of causes of obstruciton:
 
* Three main categories of causes of obstruciton:
 
** Intraluminal
 
** Intraluminal
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*** E.g. foreign bodies, food impaction.
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*** E.g. [[Foreign Bodies, Intestinal|foreign bodies]], food impaction.
 
** Intramural
 
** Intramural
 
*** E.g. neoplasia
 
*** E.g. neoplasia
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** Extrinsic
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** Extrinsic (Obstruction of the intestine due to external factors such as tumours, abscesses, and fibrous adhesions is a common occurrence. )
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*** E.g.  adhesions, neoplasia and prostate enlargement.
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*** E.g.  [[Adhesions|adhesions]], [[Neoplasia, Intestinal|neoplasia]] and [[Prostatic Enlargement|prostate enlargement]].
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====Intraluminal Obstruction====
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<categorytree mode=pages>Intestine - Mechanical Obstruction</categorytree>
  
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=====Foreign Bodies=====
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* Foreign bodies of all types can be found in the intestines. 
 
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* While some may pass through posing no problems, others can cause acute obstruction,
 
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* Quite common in dogs
 
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** Rare in other species - tend to lodge in the oesophagus or in one of the ruminant [[Stomach and Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|stomachs]].)
 
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** Enteroliths can be seen in  horses greater than 4 years of age.
 
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*** Are stones consisting of magnesium ammonium phosphate around a central nidus (often a metallic foreign body)
 
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***  Typically lodge at the pelvic flexure or the transverse [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]].
 
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* '''Clinical'''
 
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** Obstruction at pylorus produces repeated [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]].
 
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** Obstrustion lower down gives less dramatic effect.
 
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*** Is still a problem if in the middle of the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]s.
 
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*** May be vague signs; some [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]] and off food.
 
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* '''Diagnosis'''
 
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** May not show up well radiographically  (unless radio-opaque) for several days.
 
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*** May also be objects that are semi solid or soft,  e.g.
 
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**** String
 
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**** Plastic bags
 
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**** Stringy things, like pieces of material- particularly in puppies.
 
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** Make all of intestines have knotted appearance. 
 
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** May be seen in horses with baler twine.
 
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* '''Pathogenesis'''
 
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** Smooth, round objects, such as golf balls, lodge especially near the pylorus or lower down.
 
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** Occasionally in cattle (piece of rope or piece of tarpaulin) produces a tangled mass in [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]].
 
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** Cause pressure necrosis and eventually perforation. 
 
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** Foreign bodies can also be chronic, remaining for long periods of time without causing disturbance.
 
  
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=====Impaction=====
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[[Category:Obstruction, Intestinal]]
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* Impaction of the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] can occur in all species. 
 
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** Dog and cat - main cause is dehydrated faecal material.
 
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** Horse -  faeces, digesta, sand, or fibrous material can all contribute.
 
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*** There are certain predisposing factors:
 
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**** Poor dentition
 
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**** Water deprivation
 
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**** A high roughage diet
 
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**** General debility.
 
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*Antihelminthic administration or large parasite burdens can also lead to impaction.
 
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====Extrinsic Obstruction====
 
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* Obstruction of the intestine due to external factors such as tumours, abscesses, and fibrous adhesions is a common occurrence. 
 
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=====Inflammatory Adhesions=====
 
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[[Image:colon_adhesions_horse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|colonic adhesions in the horse (Courtesy of Elspeth Milne)]]
 
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* Arise following gut perforation, peritonitis or surgery.
 
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* Consist of fibrous tissue bands that may:
 
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** Restrict intestinal motility
 
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** Cause kinks in the mesentery.
 
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=====Prostatic Enlargement=====
 
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* In the dog
 
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* Can lead to compression of the [[Rectum - Anatomy & Physiology|rectum]]
 
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=====Neoplasia=====
 
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* Neoplasi in structures adjacent to the intestines can spread and cause external compression.
 
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* Pancreatic tumours in particular can extend and impinge on the [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]].
 
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* Pedicles of tumours such as lipomas in horses can become wound in loops of intestine leading to obstruction and possible strangulation. 
 
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[[Image:Pedunc_lipoma_closeup.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Closeup of a pedunculated lipoma (Courtesy of Elspeth Milne)]]
 
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* '''Clinical'''
 
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** Occasional [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]] and ntermittent [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] over several weeks. 
 
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* '''Pathogenesis'''
 
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** Seen occasionally in cat (rarer in dog)
 
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** Usually towards end of intestines
 
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*** E.g. at the ileocaecocolic valve.
 
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** Gut proximal to tumour  becomes thickened due to hypertrophy of smooth muscle as a result of trying  to force ingesta past progessively narrowing lumen.
 
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** Produces "hose pipe intestine".
 
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** Seen with carcinoma, lymphoma, leiomyoma and other tumours.[[Category:Obstruction, Intestinal]]
 

Latest revision as of 18:33, 15 February 2011

Intestine - Mechanical Obstruction

  • Acute of chronic mechanical obstruction of the intestine can occur in all species.
  • Three main categories of causes of obstruciton:
    • Intraluminal
    • Intramural
      • E.g. neoplasia
    • Extrinsic (Obstruction of the intestine due to external factors such as tumours, abscesses, and fibrous adhesions is a common occurrence. )

Content

▼ Intestine - Mechanical Obstruction
► Impaction - Horse
  Adhesions
  Ascarid Impaction - Horse
  Colonic Impaction - Dog and Cat
  Foreign Bodies, Intestinal
  Gastric Impaction - Horse
  Ileal Impaction - Horse
  Intestinal Obstruction
  Meconium Impaction - Horse
  Neoplasia, Intestinal
  Prostatic Enlargement

Subcategories

This category has only the following subcategory.

I

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