Difference between revisions of "Babesia"
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| − | + | == Epidemiology == | |
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*Infects a wide range of host species in different areas of the world | *Infects a wide range of host species in different areas of the world | ||
Babesiosis has severe effects on cattle production in parts of the world. First of all, it prevents European breeds from being successful in tropical regions where [[Ticks|ticks]] are endemic as well as occurring sporadically in the UK and Ireland causing losses of around £8 million per year. | Babesiosis has severe effects on cattle production in parts of the world. First of all, it prevents European breeds from being successful in tropical regions where [[Ticks|ticks]] are endemic as well as occurring sporadically in the UK and Ireland causing losses of around £8 million per year. | ||
| − | '''Life Cycle''' | + | === '''Life Cycle''' === |
| − | + | Both [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-stadial]] and [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-ovarian]] transmission occurs with each female [[Ticks|tick]] producing 3000 eggs and the [[Ticks|tick]] being the definitive host. | |
| − | + | ''Babesia'' multiplies in the red blood cells by '''budding''' and it forms 2-4 daughter cells (species dependent). | |
| − | + | Giemsa blood smears can differentiate between species using 'Difquik' stain. | |
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*''Babesia'' species are either small or large depending on the size of the daughter cells | *''Babesia'' species are either small or large depending on the size of the daughter cells | ||
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*Antigen is released which adsorbs onto other red blood cells | *Antigen is released which adsorbs onto other red blood cells | ||
| − | **Causes haemolysis and [[Pigmentation | + | **Causes haemolysis and [[Pigmentation - Pathology#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]] |
**Causes haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria and fever | **Causes haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria and fever | ||
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*'''Lower''' incidence of disease | *'''Lower''' incidence of disease | ||
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<big>'''[[Babesiosis - Cattle|Cattle Babesiosis]] | <big>'''[[Babesiosis - Cattle|Cattle Babesiosis]] | ||
| − | '''[[ | + | '''[[Babesia canis]]''' |
| − | '''[[Babesiosis - Horse|Horse Babesiosis]] | + | '''[[Babesiosis - Horse|Horse Babesiosis]]''' |
'''[[Babesiosis - Small Ruminants|Sheep and Goat Babesiosis]] | '''[[Babesiosis - Small Ruminants|Sheep and Goat Babesiosis]] | ||
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*''Babesia bovis'' myositis | *''Babesia bovis'' myositis | ||
**In cattle | **In cattle | ||
| − | **Infrequent muscle [[ | + | **Infrequent muscle [[Muscle Necrosis|necrosis]] |
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| + | ==Test yourself with the Piroplasmida Flashcards== | ||
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| + | [[Piroplasmida_Flashcards|Piroplasmida Flashcards]] | ||
[[Category:Piroplasmida]] | [[Category:Piroplasmida]] | ||
[[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]] | [[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 16:56, 11 April 2022
Epidemiology
- Infects a wide range of host species in different areas of the world
Babesiosis has severe effects on cattle production in parts of the world. First of all, it prevents European breeds from being successful in tropical regions where ticks are endemic as well as occurring sporadically in the UK and Ireland causing losses of around £8 million per year.
Life Cycle
Both trans-stadial and trans-ovarian transmission occurs with each female tick producing 3000 eggs and the tick being the definitive host.
Babesia multiplies in the red blood cells by budding and it forms 2-4 daughter cells (species dependent). Giemsa blood smears can differentiate between species using 'Difquik' stain.
- Babesia species are either small or large depending on the size of the daughter cells
- Small Babesia
- E.g. B. divergens
- E.g. B. gibsoni
- Peripheral nucleus
- Obtuse angle
- Large Babesia
- E.g. B. major
- E.g. B. canis-complex
- Central nucleus
- Acute angle
- Daughter cells disrupt the red blood cell and are released
- Spread and infect other red blood cells
- Antigen is released which adsorbs onto other red blood cells
- Causes haemolysis and haemoglobin pigmentation
- Causes haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria and fever
Enzootic Instability
- Low rate of transmission
- Few infected ticks
- Infrequent exposure
- Immunity wanes or is completely absent in many individuals
- Low levels of herd immunity
- Higher incidence of disease
Enzootic Stability
- High rate of transmission
- Many infected ticks
- Frequent exposure boosts immunity
- High level of herd immunity
- Lower incidence of disease
- Babesia bovis myositis
- In cattle
- Infrequent muscle necrosis