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==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
Toxicity is due to the presence of methylxanthines such as theobromine and caffeine in chocolate. They are also present in stimulant preparations and other products.
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Toxicity is due to the presence of methylxanthines such as theobromine and caffeine in chocolate. They are also present in stimulant preparations and other products.<ref name="multiple"> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care'''Second Edition,2007</ref>
 
==Signalment==
 
==Signalment==
 
Dog that live indoors are more likely to have access to chocolate.<ref name="multiple">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>
 
Dog that live indoors are more likely to have access to chocolate.<ref name="multiple">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>
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===Pathology===
 
===Pathology===
 
The methylxanthines yield their effects through
 
The methylxanthines yield their effects through
*'''Antagonism of Adenosine Receptors:'''<ref> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care''' Second Edition, 2007</ref>
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*'''Antagonism of Adenosine Receptors:'''<ref name="multiple"> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care''' Second Edition, 2007</ref>
*'''Inhibition of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase:'''
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*'''Inhibition of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase:'''<ref name="multiple"> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care''' Second Edition,2007</ref>
 
==Treatment==
 
==Treatment==
 
==Prognosis==
 
==Prognosis==
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