Difference between revisions of "Hypercalcaemia"
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** Usually the result of dietary imbalance. | ** Usually the result of dietary imbalance. | ||
** Produces metastatic vascular calcification. | ** Produces metastatic vascular calcification. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | * Hypercalcaemia should not be ignored in an unwell animal. | ||
| + | ** The consequences of hypercalcaemia may be serious: prolonged untreated hypercalcaemia can lead to irreversible damage to many organs, particularly the kidneys. | ||
| + | ** There are multiple causes of hypercalcaemia, but if it is caught early a specific diagnosis and treatment are often possible. | ||
| + | * The clinical signs of hypercalcaemia are often vague. | ||
| + | ** Signs commonly include: | ||
| + | *** PU/PD | ||
| + | *** Anorexia | ||
| + | *** Dehydration | ||
| + | *** Weakness or lethargy | ||
| + | *** [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]] | ||
| + | *** Prerenal azotaemia | ||
| + | ** More uncommonly, hypercalcaemia may present with: | ||
| + | *** Constipation | ||
| + | *** Cardiac arrhythmia | ||
| + | *** Seizures or twitching | ||
| + | *** [[Kidney Renal Failure - Pathology#Acute|Acute renal failure]] | ||
| + | *** Death | ||
| + | * Causes of hypercalcaemia may be: | ||
| + | *# Nonpathologic | ||
| + | *#* This may be due to: | ||
| + | *#** Age - young animals have naturally higher calcium levels. | ||
| + | *#** Lab error | ||
| + | *#** Lipaemia | ||
| + | *#* It is important to establish whether hypercalcaemia is true before persuing further diagnosis and treatment. | ||
| + | *# Transient... | ||
| + | *#* ...hypoadrenocorticism | ||
| + | *#* ...haemoconcentration | ||
| + | *#* ...hyperproteinaemia | ||
| + | *# Pathological | ||
| + | *#* Malignancy | ||
| + | *#* Lymphoma | ||
| + | *#* [[Parathyroid Glands - Pathology#Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinoma|Anal sac adenocarcinoma]] | ||
| + | *#* [[Kidney Renal Failure - Pathology|Renal failure]] | ||
| + | *#* [[Bones Metabolic - Pathology#Hypervitaminosis D|Hypervitaminosis D]] | ||
| + | *#* Granulomatous disease | ||
| + | *#** E.g fungal infections | ||
| + | *#* [[Parathyroid Glands - Pathology#Primary|Primary hyperparathyroidism]] | ||
| + | *#* Skeletal lesions | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Parathyroid Glands - Pathology]] | ||
[[Category:Vascular Fluid]] | [[Category:Vascular Fluid]] | ||
Revision as of 14:04, 21 February 2011
- Usually the result of dietary imbalance.
- Produces metastatic vascular calcification.
- Hypercalcaemia should not be ignored in an unwell animal.
- The consequences of hypercalcaemia may be serious: prolonged untreated hypercalcaemia can lead to irreversible damage to many organs, particularly the kidneys.
- There are multiple causes of hypercalcaemia, but if it is caught early a specific diagnosis and treatment are often possible.
- The clinical signs of hypercalcaemia are often vague.
- Signs commonly include:
- PU/PD
- Anorexia
- Dehydration
- Weakness or lethargy
- Vomiting
- Prerenal azotaemia
- More uncommonly, hypercalcaemia may present with:
- Constipation
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Seizures or twitching
- Acute renal failure
- Death
- Signs commonly include:
- Causes of hypercalcaemia may be:
- Nonpathologic
- This may be due to:
- Age - young animals have naturally higher calcium levels.
- Lab error
- Lipaemia
- It is important to establish whether hypercalcaemia is true before persuing further diagnosis and treatment.
- This may be due to:
- Transient...
- ...hypoadrenocorticism
- ...haemoconcentration
- ...hyperproteinaemia
- Pathological
- Malignancy
- Lymphoma
- Anal sac adenocarcinoma
- Renal failure
- Hypervitaminosis D
- Granulomatous disease
- E.g fungal infections
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Skeletal lesions
- Nonpathologic