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| − | ==Non-infectious arthritis== | + | ==[[Non-Infectious Arthritis]]== |
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| − | *No causative agent has been found
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| − | *Seem to be immune-mediated diseases
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| − | ===Erosive===
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| − | ====Rheumatoid arthritis====
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| − | *Occurs in the dog, mainly smaller breeds
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| − | *Uncommon
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| − | *Progressive erosive polyarthritis
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| − | *Mostly involves elbows, stifles, carpal and tarsal joints
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| − | *Grossly:
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| − | **Marked villus hypertrophy of synovial membrane
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| − | **Cartilage erosion
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| − | **[[Musculoskeletal Terminology - Pathology|Pannus and periarticular osteophyte]] formation
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| − | **In severe cases ankylosis
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| − | *Histologically:
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| − | **Hyperplasia of lining cells
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| − | **Proliferative synovitis
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| − | **Synovial membrane has fibrin deposits
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| − | **Lymphoid and plasma cell infiltration
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| − | **Surrounding haemorrhagic areas
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| − | **Macrophages containing [[Pigmentation - Pathology#Haemosiderin|haemosiderin]]
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| − | **Connective tissue may contain foci of necrosis
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| − | **Areas of erosion of peripheral articular cartilage and underlying subchondral bone
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| − | *Pathogenesis:
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| − | **May involve deposition of immune complexes within joints
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| − | **Substances degrading cartilage are released by synovial cells and macrophages involved in pannus formation
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| − | ===Non-erosive===
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| − | ====Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)====
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| − | *Occurs in dogs
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| − | *Clinical signs:
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| − | **Anaemia
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| − | **Thrombocytopaenia
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| − | **[[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Myositis|Polymyositis]]
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| − | **[[Kidney Glomerular Disease - Pathology#Glomerulonephritis|Glomerulonephritis]]
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| − | ====In chronic diseases====
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| − | *E.g. pyometra, otitis externa, [[Endocarditis|endocarditis]], [[:Category:Intestine - Inflammatory Pathology|enteritis]]
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| − | *Can lead to immune complex deposition in joints
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| − | ====Gout====
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| − | *Occurs in humans, reptiles and birds (have no uricase enzyme)
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| − | *The urate triggers inflammation
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| − | [[Category:Arthritis]]
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| | [[Category:Joints - Pathology]] | | [[Category:Joints - Pathology]] |