Difference between revisions of "Tonsils - Anatomy & Physiology"

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<p>The tonsils are part of the MALT and more specifically the GALT. They are located in the nasopharynx and [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] and form a ring of lymphoid tissue around the pharynx to protect the openings into the [[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|alimentary]] and respiratory systems.</p>
 
<p>The tonsils are part of the MALT and more specifically the GALT. They are located in the nasopharynx and [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] and form a ring of lymphoid tissue around the pharynx to protect the openings into the [[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|alimentary]] and respiratory systems.</p>
 
==Structure==
 
==Structure==
<p>The tonsils are non-encapsulated lymphoid tissue. They have crypts lined with stratified squamous epithelium which are infiltrated with [[Lymphocytes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymphocytes]].</p>
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<p>The tonsils are non-encapsulated lymphoid tissue. They have crypts lined with stratified squamous epithelium which are infiltrated with [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood|lymphocytes]].</p>
 
<p>Species being covered here are dog, cat, horse, cattle and pig.</p>
 
<p>Species being covered here are dog, cat, horse, cattle and pig.</p>
 
===Pharyngeal===
 
===Pharyngeal===
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==Functions==
 
==Functions==
The tonsils are a [[Secondary Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|secondary lymphoid tissue]] and [[Lymphocytes - Anatomy & Physiology#B cells|B cells]] in the tonsils become committed to synthesise IgA.
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The tonsils are a [[Secondary Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|secondary lymphoid tissue]] and [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#B cells|B cells]] in the tonsils become committed to synthesise IgA.
 
==In pathology==
 
==In pathology==
 
*[[Tonsils - Pathology#Pathology|See here]]
 
*[[Tonsils - Pathology#Pathology|See here]]
 
*[[Actinobacillus species#Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae|Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae]] in pigs may remain undetected by serological tests and swabbing in on the palatine tonsil
 
*[[Actinobacillus species#Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae|Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae]] in pigs may remain undetected by serological tests and swabbing in on the palatine tonsil

Revision as of 21:08, 20 August 2008

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()Map\Tab LYMPHORETICULAR & HAEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM (Map/Tab)
SECONDARY LYMPHOID TISSUE



Sometimes the term tonsil is used to refer to all mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). In this article it will specifically deal with tonsils located in the naso- & oro-pharynx.

The tonsils are part of the MALT and more specifically the GALT. They are located in the nasopharynx and oropharynx and form a ring of lymphoid tissue around the pharynx to protect the openings into the alimentary and respiratory systems.

Structure

The tonsils are non-encapsulated lymphoid tissue. They have crypts lined with stratified squamous epithelium which are infiltrated with lymphocytes.

Species being covered here are dog, cat, horse, cattle and pig.

Pharyngeal

Also called adenoids

Present in all the species they are located on the pharyngeal septum in the nasopharynx. In cattle it is located on the caudal end of the septum.

Palatine

In common speech these are “the tonsil"

Present all species except the pig and are located dorsally in the lateral walls of oropharynx. In cattle and dogs and cats they are compact and in cattle they project away from oropharynx lumen and in cats and dogs they project towards the lumen. In horses they are diffuse.

Soft palate

Present in all the species but are the principal tonsils in the pig. Found on the ventral aspect of the soft palate (roof of oropharynx).

Tubal

Absent in the cat and dog. They are located in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx and provide protection to the entrance of the auditory tubes. Compact in cattle and pigs and diffuse in horses.

Lingual

Found in varying degrees in all species on floor of oropharynx.

Paraepiglottic

Present in the pig and are found rostrolateral to epiglottis base.

Histology

Functions

The tonsils are a secondary lymphoid tissue and B cells in the tonsils become committed to synthesise IgA.

In pathology