Difference between revisions of "Skin Congenital and Hereditary - Pathology"
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===Acanthosis Nigricans=== | ===Acanthosis Nigricans=== | ||
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*Occurs in Dachshunds | *Occurs in Dachshunds | ||
*Bilateral axillary hyperpigmentation, [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|lichenification, alopecia]] | *Bilateral axillary hyperpigmentation, [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|lichenification, alopecia]] | ||
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**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Hyperkeratosis]] | **[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Hyperkeratosis]] | ||
**Increased melanin in epidermis | **Increased melanin in epidermis | ||
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===Alopecia and Hypotrichosis=== | ===Alopecia and Hypotrichosis=== | ||
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*Occurs in most species | *Occurs in most species | ||
*Bred for in some breeds, e.g. Mexican hairless dog, Sphinx cat | *Bred for in some breeds, e.g. Mexican hairless dog, Sphinx cat | ||
*May be due to decreased number of hair follicles, failure of hair growth or follicular dysplasia | *May be due to decreased number of hair follicles, failure of hair growth or follicular dysplasia | ||
*Also associated with maternal deficiency of iodine | *Also associated with maternal deficiency of iodine | ||
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===Collagen Dysplasia=== | ===Collagen Dysplasia=== | ||
[[Image: Collagen dysplasia.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Collagen dysplasia - dog tail (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]] | [[Image: Collagen dysplasia.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Collagen dysplasia - dog tail (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]] | ||
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*Occurs in many species | *Occurs in many species | ||
*Very stretchy and loose skin that tears easily | *Very stretchy and loose skin that tears easily | ||
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**May appear normal | **May appear normal | ||
**Collagen bundles varied in shape, size and their organisation | **Collagen bundles varied in shape, size and their organisation | ||
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===Epidermolysis Bullosa=== | ===Epidermolysis Bullosa=== | ||
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[[Image: Epidermolysis bullosa.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Epidermolysis bullosa in a lamb (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]] | [[Image: Epidermolysis bullosa.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Epidermolysis bullosa in a lamb (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]] | ||
*Also called '''Red Foot Disease''' | *Also called '''Red Foot Disease''' | ||
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**Healing displaces lesions more dorsally | **Healing displaces lesions more dorsally | ||
**May become infected and form [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustules]] | **May become infected and form [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustules]] | ||
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===Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta=== | ===Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta=== | ||
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*Also called '''Aplasia Cutis''' | *Also called '''Aplasia Cutis''' | ||
*Incomplete development of squamous epithelium and [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|adnexa]] of skin and epithelium of oral mucosa | *Incomplete development of squamous epithelium and [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|adnexa]] of skin and epithelium of oral mucosa | ||
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**Circumscribed areas of missing squamous epithelium | **Circumscribed areas of missing squamous epithelium | ||
*Unprotected underlying tissue gets easily damaged and infected, possibly resulting in bacteraemia | *Unprotected underlying tissue gets easily damaged and infected, possibly resulting in bacteraemia | ||
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===Hypertrichosis=== | ===Hypertrichosis=== | ||
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*Increased hair growth | *Increased hair growth | ||
*Both congenital or hereditary | *Both congenital or hereditary | ||
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**Enlarged primary follicles and wool fibres | **Enlarged primary follicles and wool fibres | ||
*Also accociated with maternal hyperthermia | *Also accociated with maternal hyperthermia | ||
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===Ichthyosis=== | ===Ichthyosis=== | ||
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*Inherited cutaneous disease | *Inherited cutaneous disease | ||
*Occurs in dogs and cattle | *Occurs in dogs and cattle | ||
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**Ichthiosis fetalis - fatal, stillborn calves or die within days of birth | **Ichthiosis fetalis - fatal, stillborn calves or die within days of birth | ||
**Ichthiosis congenita - folded and thickened skin, fissures and partial [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|alopecia]] | **Ichthiosis congenita - folded and thickened skin, fissures and partial [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|alopecia]] | ||
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===Photosensitisation=== | ===Photosensitisation=== | ||
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*May be due to inherited defects | *May be due to inherited defects | ||
*See [[Skin - environmental#Photosensitisation|HERE]] | *See [[Skin - environmental#Photosensitisation|HERE]] | ||
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===Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis=== | ===Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis=== | ||
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*Also called '''Pityriasis Rosea''' | *Also called '''Pityriasis Rosea''' | ||
*Occurs in pigs | *Occurs in pigs | ||
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**Epidermal hyperplasia, [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|parakeratosis]], epidermal [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustules]] and superficial perivascular dermatitis | **Epidermal hyperplasia, [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|parakeratosis]], epidermal [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustules]] and superficial perivascular dermatitis | ||
*For more detail see [[Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis]] | *For more detail see [[Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis]] | ||
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===Zinc-related disorders=== | ===Zinc-related disorders=== | ||
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*Occurs in Bullterriers and calves | *Occurs in Bullterriers and calves | ||
*Resolves with zinc supplementation in calves but not dogs | *Resolves with zinc supplementation in calves but not dogs |
Revision as of 11:58, 31 July 2008
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Acanthosis Nigricans
- Occurs in Dachshunds
- Bilateral axillary hyperpigmentation, lichenification, alopecia
- May be followed by secondary pyoderma or seborrhea
- Microscopically:
- Thickened epidermis by mainly acanthosis
- Hyperkeratosis
- Increased melanin in epidermis
Alopecia and Hypotrichosis
- Occurs in most species
- Bred for in some breeds, e.g. Mexican hairless dog, Sphinx cat
- May be due to decreased number of hair follicles, failure of hair growth or follicular dysplasia
- Also associated with maternal deficiency of iodine
Collagen Dysplasia
- Occurs in many species
- Very stretchy and loose skin that tears easily
- Due to variety of defects of enzyme necessary for collagen synthesis or processing
- Histologically:
- Varies depending on cause
- May appear normal
- Collagen bundles varied in shape, size and their organisation
Epidermolysis Bullosa
- Also called Red Foot Disease
- Occurs in sheep, dogs, cattle and horses
- Development of cutaneous blisters
- Varies depending on hereditary cause
- Affected animals tend not to survive
- Lesions appear at surfaces that are easily damaged, e.g. oral mucosa, feet
- Microscopically:
- Epidermal vesicular disease
- Healing displaces lesions more dorsally
- May become infected and form pustules
Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta
- Also called Aplasia Cutis
- Incomplete development of squamous epithelium and adnexa of skin and epithelium of oral mucosa
- Occurs in most species
- Grossly:
- Circumscribed areas of missing squamous epithelium
- Unprotected underlying tissue gets easily damaged and infected, possibly resulting in bacteraemia
Hypertrichosis
- Increased hair growth
- Both congenital or hereditary
- In sheep may be caused by Border Disease virus
- Microscopically:
- Enlarged primary follicles and wool fibres
- Also accociated with maternal hyperthermia
Ichthyosis
- Inherited cutaneous disease
- Occurs in dogs and cattle
- Grossly:
- Thickened skin due to hyperkeratosis
- May crack resembling fish scales
- Increased adherence of keratocytes preventing normal desquamation
- In cattle occurs in two forms:
- Ichthiosis fetalis - fatal, stillborn calves or die within days of birth
- Ichthiosis congenita - folded and thickened skin, fissures and partial alopecia
Photosensitisation
- May be due to inherited defects
- See HERE
Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis
- Also called Pityriasis Rosea
- Occurs in pigs
- Symmetric lesions on the abdomen, loin and medial thigh
- Start as small papules covered by brown crusts
- -> lesions join and spread -> umbilicated plaques containing white centres with erythematous and scaly borders
- Similar to dermatophytosis
- Histologically:
- Epidermal hyperplasia, parakeratosis, epidermal pustules and superficial perivascular dermatitis
- For more detail see Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis
- Occurs in Bullterriers and calves
- Resolves with zinc supplementation in calves but not dogs
- In dogs:
- Fatal acrodermatitis
- Lesions start between digits and on foot pads -> severe interdigital pyoderma -> paronychia and hyperkeratosis of pads
- May also occur on pinnae, elbows, muzzle, hocks or become generalised with crusting, ulceration and secondary pyoderma
- Histologically:
- Hyperkeratosis and bacterial pustular dermatitis