Difference between revisions of "Liver Flashcards - Pathology"

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==Introduction==
 +
 +
*This Page contains Flashcards for the pathology of the [[Liver|Liver]]
 +
 +
*In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
 +
 +
*The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.
 +
 +
*Internet explorer is different - you'll have to guess where the underline should be!
 +
 +
==Flashcards==
 +
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Liver lesions are common because:
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''it is an area of high metabolic activity'''''
 +
*'''''receives toxic agents from the gut via the portal blood system'''''
 +
*'''''has an extensive vascular supply (prime site for metastatic disease)'''''
 +
||[[Liver - general pathology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''In each type of jaundice, will bilirubinuria be detected?
 +
* '''haemolytic
 +
* '''obstructive
 +
* '''hepatocellular
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''NO - because most of bilirubin is unconjugated'''''
 +
*'''''YES - because conjugated bilirubin accumulates'''''
 +
*'''''NO - because bilirubin fails to conjugate due to liver cell damage'''''
 +
*'''''NB - the kidney can only excrete the water soluble conjugate'''''
 +
||[[Liver - general pathology#Jaundice (Icterus)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''In regards to secondary photosensitisation, what are two hepatotoxic plants?
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Senecio jacobea (Ragwort)'''''
 +
*'''''Lantana camara (Lantana)'''''
 +
*'''''Lupinus angustifolius (Lupins)'''''
 +
*'''''Blue-green algae'''''
 +
||[[Liver - general pathology#secondary photosensitisation|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are two causes of necrosis?
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''severe metabolic disturbances'''''
 +
*'''''nutritional deficiencies'''''
 +
*'''''toxic substances'''''
 +
*'''''actions of micro-organisms'''''
 +
||[[Liver - general pathology#Necrosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What can cause the liver to appear greenish-blue post mortem?
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''bacteria degrades blood pigment to hydrogen sulfide'''''
 +
||[[Liver - post mortem#Gross|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or false?
 +
'''Cranial displacements of the liver are the most common.
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''false'''''
 +
||[[Liver - developmental#Displacement|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What occurs during Congestion?
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''The right side of the heart fails to function properly and blood will back up through the veins into the liver.
 +
||[[Liver - circulatory disturbances#Passive congestion|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or false?
 +
'''Congenital melanosis in calves and lambs appears as white discoloration of small irregular portions of the liver.
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''false'''''
 +
||[[Liver - pigmentation#Congenital melanosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome is associated with -
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''dietary factors: obesity and starvation '''''
 +
*'''''increased demand for energy: pregnancy, lactation, and starvation in physiological states '''''
 +
*'''''Diabetes mellitus, ketosis, and pregnancy toxaemia in pathological conditions '''''
 +
*'''''abnormal hepatocytic function: prevents fatty acids from forming complexes with proteins to form low density lipoproteins for secretion into the blood '''''
 +
||[[Liver - degenerative#Hepatic lipidosis - fatty liver syndrome|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What could be a non-pathological reason for a cow displaying fatty liver syndrome during necropsy?
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''It is possible to show fat infiltration of liver in cows which have not been eating for several days.
 +
||[[Liver - degenerative#Gross|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or false?
 +
'''Equine hyperlipidemia or fat pony syndrome is similar to that in cats, as well as fatal within a week.
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''true'''''
 +
||[[Liver - degenerative#Equine hyperlipidemia|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What causes Lysosomal storage disease and how does it manifest itself?
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''due to an inherited deficiency of lysosomal enzymes'''''
 +
*'''''manifest themselves as neurological disease '''''
 +
||[[Liver - storage diseases#Lysosomal storage diseases|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Herpes virus infections include -
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis'''''
 +
*'''''Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis'''''
 +
*'''''Feline Viral Rhinopneumonitis'''''
 +
*'''''Aujesky's disease in pigs '''''
 +
||[[Liver - inflammatory#Herpes virus infections|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''You are examining a cow's liver post-necropsy.  You notice the liver has several small areas of necrosis.  Is this more likely to be Black Disease or Red Water Disease?
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Black Disease'''''
 +
||[[Liver - inflammatory#Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (Black Disease)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the two main types of Hepatitis in cats?
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''cholangiohepatitis'''''
 +
*'''''Lymphocytic portal hepatitis'''''
 +
||[[Liver - inflammatory#Hepatitis in cats|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or false?
 +
'''Use of carbon tetrachloride as an anthelmintic and phosphorous as a rodenticide has never been proven to produce liver necrosis. 
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''false'''''
 +
||[[Liver - toxic#Acute hepatoxicity|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have an anti-mitotic effect whilst allowing continued synthesis within the cell and its nucleus. This causes a marked increase in the size of parenchymal cells, a phenomenon termed -
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''megalocytosis'''''
 +
||[[Liver - toxic#Ragwort|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the two most common primary hepatic neoplasms?
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''liver cell tumours'''''
 +
*'''''malignant bile duct tumours '''''
 +
||[[Liver - proliferative#Primary tumours|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Haemangiosarcoma can be primary in the liver, what are other predilection sites?
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''spleen'''''
 +
*'''''right auricle of the heart'''''
 +
||[[Liver - proliferative#Haemangiosarcoma|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or false?
 +
'''Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis generally afflicts only very young cats.
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''false'''''
 +
||[[Liver - unknown aetiology#Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are two causes of Cholangitis of the liver?
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''ascending infections from the intestine'''''
 +
*'''''associated with organisms excreted via the bile'''''
 +
||[[Liver - biliary tract#Cholangitis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-

Revision as of 11:24, 20 August 2008

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ALIMENTARY FLASHCARDS



Introduction

  • This Page contains Flashcards for the pathology of the Liver
  • In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
  • The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.
  • Internet explorer is different - you'll have to guess where the underline should be!

Flashcards

Question Answer Article
Liver lesions are common because:
  • it is an area of high metabolic activity
  • receives toxic agents from the gut via the portal blood system
  • has an extensive vascular supply (prime site for metastatic disease)
 Link to Answer Article
In each type of jaundice, will bilirubinuria be detected?
  • haemolytic
  • obstructive
  • hepatocellular
  • NO - because most of bilirubin is unconjugated
  • YES - because conjugated bilirubin accumulates
  • NO - because bilirubin fails to conjugate due to liver cell damage
  • NB - the kidney can only excrete the water soluble conjugate
 Link to Answer Article
In regards to secondary photosensitisation, what are two hepatotoxic plants?
  • Senecio jacobea (Ragwort)
  • Lantana camara (Lantana)
  • Lupinus angustifolius (Lupins)
  • Blue-green algae
 Link to Answer Article
What are two causes of necrosis?
  • severe metabolic disturbances
  • nutritional deficiencies
  • toxic substances
  • actions of micro-organisms
 Link to Answer Article
What can cause the liver to appear greenish-blue post mortem?
  • bacteria degrades blood pigment to hydrogen sulfide
 Link to Answer Article
True or false?

Cranial displacements of the liver are the most common.

  • false
 Link to Answer Article
What occurs during Congestion?
  • The right side of the heart fails to function properly and blood will back up through the veins into the liver.
Link to Answer Article
True or false?

Congenital melanosis in calves and lambs appears as white discoloration of small irregular portions of the liver.

  • false
 Link to Answer Article
Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome is associated with -
  • dietary factors: obesity and starvation
  • increased demand for energy: pregnancy, lactation, and starvation in physiological states
  • Diabetes mellitus, ketosis, and pregnancy toxaemia in pathological conditions
  • abnormal hepatocytic function: prevents fatty acids from forming complexes with proteins to form low density lipoproteins for secretion into the blood
Link to Answer Article
What could be a non-pathological reason for a cow displaying fatty liver syndrome during necropsy?
  • It is possible to show fat infiltration of liver in cows which have not been eating for several days.
Link to Answer Article
True or false?

Equine hyperlipidemia or fat pony syndrome is similar to that in cats, as well as fatal within a week.

  • true
 Link to Answer Article
What causes Lysosomal storage disease and how does it manifest itself?
  • due to an inherited deficiency of lysosomal enzymes
  • manifest themselves as neurological disease
Link to Answer Article
Herpes virus infections include -
  • Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis
  • Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
  • Feline Viral Rhinopneumonitis
  • Aujesky's disease in pigs
Link to Answer Article
You are examining a cow's liver post-necropsy. You notice the liver has several small areas of necrosis. Is this more likely to be Black Disease or Red Water Disease?
  • Black Disease
 Link to Answer Article
What are the two main types of Hepatitis in cats?
  • cholangiohepatitis
  • Lymphocytic portal hepatitis
 Link to Answer Article
True or false?

Use of carbon tetrachloride as an anthelmintic and phosphorous as a rodenticide has never been proven to produce liver necrosis.

  • false
 Link to Answer Article
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have an anti-mitotic effect whilst allowing continued synthesis within the cell and its nucleus. This causes a marked increase in the size of parenchymal cells, a phenomenon termed -
  • megalocytosis
 Link to Answer Article
What are the two most common primary hepatic neoplasms?
  • liver cell tumours
  • malignant bile duct tumours
Link to Answer Article
Haemangiosarcoma can be primary in the liver, what are other predilection sites?
  • spleen
  • right auricle of the heart
 Link to Answer Article
True or false?

Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis generally afflicts only very young cats.

  • false
 Link to Answer Article
What are two causes of Cholangitis of the liver?
  • ascending infections from the intestine
  • associated with organisms excreted via the bile
 Link to Answer Article
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