Difference between revisions of "Oropharynx - Pathology"
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Revision as of 13:54, 26 September 2008
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Introduction
See anatomy and physiology of the oral cavity
Defence Mechanisms
Developmental Pathology
Erosive & Ulcerative Pathology
Vesicular Pathology
Neutrophilic Inflammation
Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous Inflammation
Eosinophilic Inflammation
Necrotizing Inflammation
Lymphocytic and plasmacytic Inflammation
Immune Mediated Pathology
Autoimmune
Hypersensitivity
Proliferative Pathology
Hyperplastic
Papular
Neoplastic
Adenomas
- Adenomas are unusual but may develop in oropharyngeal salivary tissue.
Melanomas
- Melanomas can arise anywhere in the oral cavity and are almost invariably malignant with early and widespread metastasis.
- Many are poorly pigmented or even amelanotic and may only be distinguished from squamous carcinomas by histological examination.
Papillomas
- The common benign epithelial tumour of the oropharynx is the papilloma, which is very often caused by infection with certain types of species-specific papilloma viruses.
Squamous cell Carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinomas are the malignant equivalent of the papilloma and may arise anywhere within the oropharynx.
- Those arising over the tonsil (squamous carcinoma of the tonsil or tonsillar carcinoma) are very malignant, invading adjacent tissues and metastasising early.
- Squamous carcinomas of the tongue (especially in cats) can also behave in a very malignant fashion. Those at more rostral sites, e.g. on the incisor gingivae, are less likely to metastasise early although they may be locally aggressive.
- Squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx in cattle are commonly seen as part of an upper alimentary tract carcinoma complex.
Other Neoplasms
- Both benign and malignant connective tissue tumours do occur,
- e.g. fibroma, fibrosarcoma, osteoma, osteosarcoma.
Degenerative Pathology
Metabolic Pathology
Nutritional Pathology
Traumatic Pathology
Stick injuries in dog
- Sticks may damage to pharynx with oedema and swelling in pharynx and secondary infection.
- Pieces of wood may remain embedded in back of throat resulting in chronic inflammation.
- Can kill dog.