Difference between revisions of "Immunoglobulins Flashcards"

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|linkpage =Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood
 
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|linktext =IMMUNOGLOBULINS
 
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===Immunoglobulins Structure and Function===
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==<font color="purple">Immunoglobulins Structure and Function</font>==
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<FlashCard questions="8">
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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|q1=What are immunoglobulins also known as?
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|a1=Antibodies
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|l1=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Introduction
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|q2=How many domains does the heavy chain have?
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|-
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|a2=
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|<big>'''What are immunoglobulins also known as?'''
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*1 variable domain
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*3 or 4 constant domains
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*'''''Antibodies'''''
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|l2=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure
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||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q3=How many domains does the light chain have?
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|-
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|a3=
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|<big>'''How many domains does the heavy chain have?'''
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*1 variable domain
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*1 constant domain
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*'''''1 variable domain'''''
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|l3=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure
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*'''''3 or 4 constant domains'''''
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|q4=What are hypervariable domains?
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||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a4=
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|-
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*Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind
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|<big>'''How many domains does the light chain have?'''
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*Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l4=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure
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*'''''1 variable domain'''''
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|q5=What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated?
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*'''''1 constant domain'''''
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|a5=
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||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Fragment associated with antigen binding
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|-
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*Light chain
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|<big>'''What are hypervariable domains?'''
+
|l5=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure
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||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|q6=What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated?
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*'''''Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind'''''
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|a6=
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*'''''Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains'''''
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*Constant fragment
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||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Heavy chain
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|-
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|l6=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure
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|<big>'''What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated?'''
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|q7=What does the Fc fragment do?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a7=Mediates phagocytosis
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*'''''Fragment associated with antigen binding'''''
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*Triggers inflammation
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*'''''Light chain'''''
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*Targets Ig to certain tissues
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||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l7=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure
−
|-
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|q8=What are the four major effects of antibodies?
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|<big>'''What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated?'''
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|a8=
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Blockage and agglutination
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*'''''Constant fragment'''''
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*Promotion of phagocytosis
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*'''''Heavy chain'''''
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*Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils
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||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Complement Fixation
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|-
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|l8=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Function
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|<big>'''What does the Fc fragment do?'''
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</FlashCard>
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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===Classes of Immunoglobulin===
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*'''''Mediates phagocytosis'''''
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<FlashCard questions="14">
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*'''''Triggers inflammation'''''
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|q1=How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?
−
*'''''Targets Ig to certain tissues'''''
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|a1=They each have a different composition to their heavy chains
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||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l1=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Classes
−
|-
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|q2=IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?
−
|<big>'''What are the four major effects of antibodies?'''
+
|a2=Mucosal surfaces
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||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|l2=Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood
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*'''''Blockage and agglutination'''''
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|q3=True or False: IgA is a monomer
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*'''''Promotion of phagocytosis'''''
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|a3=
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*'''''Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils'''''
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*False
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*'''''Complement Fixation'''''
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*IgA is a dimer
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||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|l3=Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood#Structure
−
|}
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|q4=What are the functions of IgA?
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<br>
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|a4=
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<br>
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*Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen
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==<font color="purple">Classes of Immunoglobulin</font>==
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*Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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*Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
+
|l4=Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood#Function
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|q5=In which species has IgD been identified?
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|a5=
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|-
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*Ruminants
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|<big>'''How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?'''
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*Pigs
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Dogs
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*'''''They each have a different composition to their heavy chains'''''
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*Rodents
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||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Classes|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l5=Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function
−
|-
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|q6=What is the main function of IgD?
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|<big>'''IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?'''
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|a6=Helps B cell development
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l6=Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function
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*'''''Mucosal surfaces'''''
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|q7=True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?
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||[[Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|a7=True
−
|-
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|l7=Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood
−
|<big>'''True or False: IgA is a monomer'''
+
|q8=What are the functions of IgE?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|a8=
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*'''''False'''''
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*Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation
−
*'''''IgA is a dimer'''''
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*Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions
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||[[Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites
−
|-
+
|l8=Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood#Function
−
|<big>'''What are the functions of IgA?'''
+
|q9=True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue?
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|a9=True
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*'''''Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen'''''
+
|l9=Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood
−
*'''''Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut'''''
+
|q10=Where is IgG produced?
−
*'''''Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity'''''
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|a10=Bone marrow
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||[[Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Spleen
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|-
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*Lymph nodes
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|<big>'''In which species has IgD been identified?'''
+
|l10=Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood#Production
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||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|q11=What is the function of IgG?
−
*'''''Ruminants'''''
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|a11=Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade
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*'''''Pigs'''''
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*Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils
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*'''''Dogs'''''
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*Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria
−
*'''''Rodents'''''
+
|l11=Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood#Function
−
||[[Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|q12=True or False: IgM is a monomer
−
|-
+
|a12=
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|<big>'''What is the main function of IgD?'''
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*True
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*But it is secreted as a pentamer
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*'''''Helps B cell development'''''
+
|l12=Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Structure
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||[[Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|q13=IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function?
−
|-
+
|a13=
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|<big>'''True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?'''
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*Cannot cross the placenta
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily
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*'''''True'''''
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*Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low
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||[[Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|l13=Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Production
−
|-
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|q14=What are the main functions of IgM?
−
|<big>'''What are the functions of IgE?'''
+
|a14=
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Complement activation
−
*'''''Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation'''''
+
*Agglutination
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*'''''Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions'''''
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*Opsonisation
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*'''''Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites'''''
+
*Virus neutralisation
−
||[[Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|l14=Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Function
−
|-
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</FlashCard>
−
|<big>'''True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue?'''
+
===Immunoglobulins Variation===
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||<font color="white"> <big>
+
<FlashCard questions="6">
−
*'''''True'''''
+
|q1=Which genes code for the immunoglobulin subtypes and on which chain are they located?
−
||[[Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|a1=
−
|-
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*IGH genes
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|<big>'''Where is IgG produced?'''
+
*Heavy chain
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||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|l1=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Variation
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*'''''Bone marrow'''''
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|q2=Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes:
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*'''''Spleen'''''
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<p>Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes.</p>
−
*'''''Lymph nodes'''''
+
|a2=
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||[[Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood#Production|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*four
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|-
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*three
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|<big>'''What is the function of IgG?'''
+
*three or four
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||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|l2=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Variation
−
*'''''Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade'''''
+
|q3=What are allotypes?
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*'''''Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils'''''
+
|a3=
−
*'''''Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria'''''
+
*Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species
−
||[[Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
*Allotypes are inheritable
−
|-
+
|l3=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Allo & Idiotypes
−
|<big>'''True or False: IgM is a monomer'''
+
|q4=What are idiotypes?
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|a4=Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains
−
*'''''True'''''
+
|l4=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Allo & Idiotypes
−
*'''''But it is secreted as a pentamer'''''
+
|q5=What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching?
−
||[[Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|a5=
−
|-
+
*After antigenic exposure the IgM+ B-cells differentiate
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|<big>'''IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function?'''
+
*Only after direct influence of T cells
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
*Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised
−
*'''''Cannot cross the placenta'''''
+
*The same varibale domains are kept
−
*'''''Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily'''''
+
|l5=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
−
*'''''Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low'''''
+
|q6=How do different classes of antibody differ from each other?
−
||[[Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Production|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|a6=
−
|-
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*Size
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|<big>'''What are the main functions of IgM?'''
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*Charge
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Amino acid composition
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*'''''Complement activation'''''
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*Associated carbohydrate
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*'''''Agglutination'''''
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*Function
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*'''''Opsonisation'''''
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|l6=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
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*'''''Virus neutralisation'''''
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</FlashCard>
−
||[[Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|}
 
−
<br>
 
−
<br>
 
−
 
 
−
==<font color="purple">Immunoglobulins Variation</font>==
 
−
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 
−
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 
−
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 
−
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Which genes code for the immunoglobulin subtypes and on which chain are they located?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''IGH genes'''''
 
−
*'''''Heavy chain'''''
 
−
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Variation|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes'''
 
−
||<big>Humans and rodents have <font color="white">'''''four'''''</font> IgG subtypes. Dogs have <font color="white">'''''three'''''</font> IgG subtypes. Ruminats have <font color="white">'''''three or four'''''</font> IgG subtypes.
 
−
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Variation|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What are allotypes?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species'''''
 
−
*'''''Allotypes are inheritable'''''
 
−
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Allo & Idiotypes|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What are idiotypes?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains'''''
 
−
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Allo & Idiotypes|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''After antigenic exposure the IgM+ B-cells differentiate'''''
 
−
*'''''Only after direct influence of T cells'''''
 
−
*'''''Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised'''''
 
−
*'''''The same varibale domains are kept'''''
 
−
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Immunoglobulin Class Switching|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''How do different classes of antibody differ from each other?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Size'''''
 
−
*'''''Charge'''''
 
−
*'''''Amino acid composition'''''
 
−
*'''''Associated carbohydrate'''''
 
−
*'''''Function'''''
 
−
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Immunoglobulin Class Switching|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|}
 
−
<br>
 
−
<br>
 
−
<big><center>[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO THE IMMUNOGLOBULINS''']]</center></big>
 
−
<big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>
 

Revision as of 11:12, 20 February 2010

WikiBloodWikiBlood Banner.png
IMMUNOGLOBULINS
WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS


Immunoglobulins Structure and Function

Question Answer Article
What are immunoglobulins also known as? Link to Article
How many domains does the heavy chain have? Link to Article
How many domains does the light chain have? Link to Article
What are hypervariable domains? Link to Article
What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated? Link to Article
What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated? Link to Article
What does the Fc fragment do? Link to Article
What are the four major effects of antibodies? Link to Article


Classes of Immunoglobulin

Question Answer Article
How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other? Link to Article
IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface? Link to Article
True or False: IgA is a monomer Link to Article
What are the functions of IgA? Link to Article
In which species has IgD been identified? Link to Article
What is the main function of IgD? Link to Article
True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody? Link to Article
What are the functions of IgE? Link to Article
True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue? Link to Article
Where is IgG produced? Link to Article
What is the function of IgG? Link to Article
True or False: IgM is a monomer Link to Article
IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function? Link to Article
What are the main functions of IgM? Link to Article


Immunoglobulins Variation

Question Answer Article
Which genes code for the immunoglobulin subtypes and on which chain are they located? Link to Article
Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes:

Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes.

 Link to Article
What are allotypes? Link to Article
What are idiotypes? Link to Article
What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching? Link to Article
How do different classes of antibody differ from each other? Link to Article


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