Difference between revisions of "Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia"

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*Common in dogs & cats  
 
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Revision as of 11:04, 6 October 2008


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CARDIOLOGY
()Map CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS (Map)



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  • Common in dogs & cats
  • Rare in large animals
  • Horses do get tricuspid atresia

Signalment

Genetics & Predisposed Breeds: Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds, Boxers, Great Danes

Description

  • Congenital malformation of the tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve) and its supporting structures (chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, valvular leaflets) results in tricuspid stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (insufficiency)
  • Tricuspid valve dysplasia leads to increased volume load on the right atrium and ventricle towards the end of diastole.
  • A stenotic tricuspid valve can limit ventricular filling during diastole.
  • Increased pressure as a result of increased volume can cause right-sided congestive heart failure.

Diagnosis

History & Clinical Signs

-Exercise intolerance

-Dyspnea

-Weight Loss

-Poor appetite

-Abdominal distension

Physical Exam

-Right-sided soft systolic murmur (tricuspid regurgitation)

-Right-sided diastolic murmur

-Jugular pulses & distension (severe case)

-Femoral pulses are normal to weak

-Signs of right-sided congestive heart failure (severe case)

Radiographic Findings

-Right atrial and right ventricular enlargement

-Caudal vena cava enlargement

-Pulmonary underperfusion

-Signs of right sided heart failure

Echocardiographic Findings

-Right ventricular and atrial dilation

-Abnormalities of tricuspid valve

Doppler shows tricuspid regurgitation and/or stenosis

Electrocardiographic (ECG)

-Classic signs of right atrial and ventricular enlargement

-Atrial arrhythmias

-Ventricular conduction problems

Treatment

Palliative Treatment

-Pharmacologically control right sided congestive heart failure

-Pharmacologically control arrhythmias

-Thoracentesis when needed to relieve pleural effusion

-Abdominocentesis when needed to relieve peritoneal effusion

Prognosis

Mild/Moderate Cases

-Normal life

Severe Cases

-Poor (However, if heart failure is controlled these patients can live several years.)