Difference between revisions of "Category:Mycoplasmas"

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[[Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides]]
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<big>'''''<ncl style=bullet maxdepth=2 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:{{PAGENAME}}</ncl></big>
  
 
 
 
===''[[Mycoplasma bovis]]''===
 
 
 
[[Mycoplasma agalactiae]]
 
 
 
[[Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum]]
 
 
[[Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides]]
 
 
[[Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae]]
 
 
[[Mycoplasma hyorhinis]]
 
 
[[Mycoplasma hyosynoviae]]
 
 
===Mycoplasmas of poultry===
 
 
[[Mycoplasma gallisepticum]]
 
 
[[Mycoplasma meleagridis]]
 
 
[[Mycoplasma synoviae]]
 
  
 
===Other mycoplasmas===
 
===Other mycoplasmas===

Revision as of 11:52, 14 May 2010


Overview

  • Pathogens belong to the Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma genera
  • Cause many diseases especially respiratory diseases of farm animals including contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
  • Can be involved in mastitis and conjunctivitis in cattle
  • Implicated in respiratory and urinary tract diseases in dogs and cats
  • Non-pathogenic mycoplasmas present in the rumen
  • Live on mucous membranes of oronasal cavity, conjunctiva and intestines
  • Stress factors and concurrent disease may predispose to tissue invasion
  • Usually host-specific
  • Limited survival in the environment


Characteristics

  • Smallest free-living prokaryotic organism
  • Pleomorphic organisms
  • Have no peptidoglycan cell wall
  • Susceptible to dessication, heat and disinfectants
  • Require enriched media containing animal protein, sterol and a source of DNA for growth
  • Colonies have a fried egg appearance
  • Most are facultative anaerobes


Pathogenesis and pathogenicity

  • Mycoplasmas adhere to host cells and produce toxins
  • Some adhere to neutrophils and macrophages and prevent phagocytosis
  • Mycoplasmas induce proliferation of macrophages and [[monocytes]], and release of cytokines such as TNF and interleukins
  • Cause damage to cilia in the respiratory tract leading to pneumonia
  • Molecular mimicry allows some mycoplasmas to avoid the host immune response and may initiate immune-mediated disease


Diagnosis

  • Samples can be tested for the presence of mycoplasmas by fluorescent antibody techniques, peroxidase techniques and PCR
  • Biochemical profiles such as urease production can be used for identification
  • Ureaplasmas produce urease, whereas Mycoplasmas do not metabolise urea
  • Serolgy is required for specific identification including complement fixation tests, ELISA, agglutination tests and haemagglutination-inhibition tests
  • Growth inhibition tests using specific antisera can be used as well as fluorescent antibody tests


<ncl style=bullet maxdepth=2 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:Mycoplasmas</ncl>


Other mycoplasmas