Difference between revisions of "Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
(Created page with ' Also known as IBR Caused by:Bovine Herpesvirus 1 : aerosol transfer ====Pathogenesis==== *BHV-1 infects the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells (intranuclear inclusion eo…') |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | |||
Also known as IBR | Also known as IBR | ||
Caused by:[[Bovine Herpesvirus 1]] | Caused by:[[Bovine Herpesvirus 1]] | ||
| Line 27: | Line 26: | ||
*IPV has mostly been made obsolete by AI | *IPV has mostly been made obsolete by AI | ||
| + | [[Image:IBR nasal cavity.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>IBR in nasal cavity (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] | ||
| + | [[Image:IBR trachea.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>IBR in trachea (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | *URT infection with serous nasal discharge, increases respiratory rate, coughing and moderate fever,from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles | ||
| + | *[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|Rhinitis]], [[Nasopharynx Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pharyngitis|pharyngitis]], [[Larynx Inflammatory - Pathology|laryngitis]], [[Trachea Inflammatory - Pathology|tracheitis]], [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology|bronchiolitis]] | ||
| + | *Morbidity is high, mortality is low | ||
| + | *Highly infectious URT disease of cattle | ||
| + | *Spread by movement of animals, aerosol transmission - requires close contact between animals | ||
| + | *Early stages (only first few days) may show [[Degenerations and Infiltrations - Pathology#Cellular Inclusions|intracellular inclusions]] in the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells | ||
| + | *Leading to neutrophilic inflammation of varying severity.... serous -> catarrhal -> purulent | ||
| + | *With secondary bacterial infection (eg: [[:Category:Pasteurella and Mannheimia species|Pasturella spp.]], [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|Mycoplasma spp.]], [[Fusobacterium|Fusobacterium necrophorum]]) can lead to fibrinous to necrotizing inflammation; mucosal sloughing, ulceration... pyrexia, dyspnoea ... [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Aspiration pneumonia|inhalation pneumonia]]... death | ||
| + | *Underlying hyperaemic inflammatory response | ||
| + | *Can become latent following primary infection | ||
| + | *Clinical signs:nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing, lacrimation, and increased respiratory rate | ||
| + | *Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the [[Oesophagus - Pathology#Erosive & Ulcerative Pathology|oesophagus]] and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection | ||
| + | *Cause of abortion >5 months of gestation | ||
| + | *May contribute to [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]] | ||
[[Category:Cattle]] | [[Category:Cattle]] | ||
Revision as of 10:22, 22 May 2010
Also known as IBR Caused by:Bovine Herpesvirus 1
- aerosol transfer
Pathogenesis
- BHV-1 infects the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells (intranuclear inclusion eosinophilic inclusion bodies)from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles
- Leading to neutrophilic inflammation of varying severity: serous -> catarrhal -> purulent nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing
- Dypsnoea, anorexia
- Rhinotracheitis that can develop into bronchopneumonia
- Clinical signs include coughing, discharge, lacrimation, and increased respiratory rate
- Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the oesophagus and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection
- Generally high morbidity, low mortality, but up to 75% mortality if concurrent with BVDV, caused by meningo-encephalitis
Diagnosis
- Virus isolation and immunofluorescence
Control
- Vaccination:
- Two live attenuated vaccines are available in the UK, one is temperature-sensitive
- Both given intranasally
- Neither protect against re-infection when given during clinical outbreak, but can lessen the severity of the disease
- Inactivated vaccines: intranasal/intramuscular administration
- gE deletion makes this a marker vaccine
- ELISA for gE deletion can enable culling of carrier animals
- Two live attenuated vaccines are available in the UK, one is temperature-sensitive
- IPV has mostly been made obsolete by AI
- URT infection with serous nasal discharge, increases respiratory rate, coughing and moderate fever,from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles
- Rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchiolitis
- Morbidity is high, mortality is low
- Highly infectious URT disease of cattle
- Spread by movement of animals, aerosol transmission - requires close contact between animals
- Early stages (only first few days) may show intracellular inclusions in the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells
- Leading to neutrophilic inflammation of varying severity.... serous -> catarrhal -> purulent
- With secondary bacterial infection (eg: Pasturella spp., Mycoplasma spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum) can lead to fibrinous to necrotizing inflammation; mucosal sloughing, ulceration... pyrexia, dyspnoea ... inhalation pneumonia... death
- Underlying hyperaemic inflammatory response
- Can become latent following primary infection
- Clinical signs:nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing, lacrimation, and increased respiratory rate
- Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the oesophagus and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection
- Cause of abortion >5 months of gestation
- May contribute to Enzootic pneumonia of calves