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| − | ==Acute pancreatic necrosis== | + | == [[Pancreatic Necrosis, Acute]]== |
| − | [[Image:Pancreatic necrosis.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Pancreatic necrosis (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] | |
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| − | *(Often interchangable with [[Pancreatitis, Acute Haemorrhagic|acute pancreatitis]] or [[Pancreas Degenerative - Pathology#Exocrine pancreatic atrophy|atrophy]])
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| − | ===Clinical signs===
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| − | *Occurs mainly in the dog, especially obese bitches, less often in cats
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| − | *Severe abdominal pain
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| − | *Cardiovascular collapse
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| − | *Disease may be unnoticed until signs of [[EPI|EPI]] and/or [[DM|DM]] appear terminally
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| − | *Death often soon follows
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| − | ===Pathology===
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| − | *Pathological changes occur in interstitial tissue and peripancreatic adipose tissue
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| − | *Necrosis caused by destructive action of pancreatic enzymes (mainly phospholipase A and elastase) activated within ducts, or released into pancreatic parenchyma by rupture of ducts and then activated
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| − | *Followed by the release of inflammatory mediators which attracts inflammatory cells
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| − | *The [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine|Islets of Langerhans]] may become involved thus causing the signs if [[DM|insulin insufficiency]]
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| − | *Adhesions are absent or minimal
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| − | *'''Gross appearance'''
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| − | ** Oedematous
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| − | **Blood stained fluid containing [[Peritoneal Cavity Degenerative - Pathology#Abdominal fat necrosis|droplets of fat]] in the abdominal cavity
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| − | **Haemorrhages in the omentum may be present
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| − | **Areas of fat necrosis
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| − | **Unusually greasy texture
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| − | *'''Microscopic appearance'''
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| − | **Necrosis of adipose and parenchymal tissue
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| − | **Inflammatory infiltrate forming a border between viable and necrotic tissue
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| − | **Necrosis is initially perilobular at the periphery of affected pancreatic lobules
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| − | **Foci of acinar tissue shrunken and acidophilic, undergoing coagulative necrosis
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| − | **Occlusion of capillaries, sometimes veins and small arteries, by fibrin thrombi
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| − | ===Predisposing factors===
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| − | * are unclear
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| − | **Prolonged corticosteroid therapy
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| − | **Surgical manipulation or trauma which initiates the leakage of enzymes
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| − | **Obese bitches
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| − | **Dogs fed high fat and low protein diet
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| − | <big>'''For degenerative disease of endocrine pancreas''' see [[Endocrine Pancreas - Pathology#Degenerative pathology|Pancreas - endocrine]]
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| | [[Healing and Repair - Pathology#The Pancreas|'''Healing of pancreas - general pathology''']]</big> | | [[Healing and Repair - Pathology#The Pancreas|'''Healing of pancreas - general pathology''']]</big> |
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| | [[Category:Pancreas_-_Pathology]] | | [[Category:Pancreas_-_Pathology]] |