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===Description===

===Description===

Anthrax is a serious, often fatal zoonotic disease of wild and domestic mammals caused by the spore-forming bacterium [[Bacillus anthracis]]. The disease occurs worldwide and often in outbreaks. The infected host sheds bacteria into the environment which sporulate when exposed to air. These spores are highly resistant and can survive in the environment for many years.  Grazing animals may become infected if ingestion of a large number of spores occurs. Additionally, biting flies appear to have a role in transmission of spores in areas of endemic disease. Inhalation of dust-borne spores may also be of importance.

Anthrax is a serious, often fatal zoonotic disease of wild and domestic mammals caused by the spore-forming bacterium [[Bacillus anthracis]]. The disease has been reported worldwide and often in outbreaks. The infected host sheds bacteria into the environment which sporulate when exposed to air. These spores are highly resistant and can survive in the environment for many years.  Grazing animals may become infected if ingestion of a large number of spores occurs. Additionally, biting flies appear to have a role in transmission of spores in areas of endemic disease. Inhalation of dust-borne spores may also be of importance.

Humans may be infected via contact with infected animal tissues, exposure to high concentrations of spores or contacted with infected animals.

Humans may be infected via contact with infected animal tissues, exposure to high concentrations of spores or contacted with infected animals.

   

   

In both cattle and horses, the disease course may range from peracute to chronic. Animals may be discovered dead in the field before any clinical signs have been observed.

In both cattle and horses, the disease course may range from peracute to chronic. Animals may be discovered dead in the field before any clinical signs have been observed. The following have been described:

* Fatal peracute septicaemia

* Fatal septicaemia

* Sudden death

* Sudden death

* Acute onset severe pyrexia  

* Acute onset severe pyrexia  

===Pigs===

===Pigs===

Pigs are relatively resistant to anthrax. The disease in pigs has two manifestations- the pharyngeal and intestinal forms.  The pharyngeal disease is linked with scavenging or purposeful feeding of infected carcasses and often begins as an oedematous cellulitis of the the neck, head and regional lymph nodes. This may cause death by asphyxia. The intestinal form is thought to be associated with contaminated mineral supplements, and may produce less obvious clinical signs including diarrhoea, lethargy and anorexia. Animals affected by the intestinal form frequently recover.  

Pigs are relatively resistant to anthrax. The disease in pigs has two manifestations, both pharyngeal and intestinal forms.  The pharyngeal disease is linked with scavenging or purposeful feeding of infected carcasses and often begins as an oedematous cellulitis of the the neck, head and regional lymph nodes. This may cause death by asphyxia. The intestinal form is thought to be associated with contaminated mineral supplements, and may produce less obvious clinical signs including diarrhoea, lethargy and anorexia. Animals affected by the intestinal form frequently recover.  

===Treatment===

===Treatment===

[[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Pig]][[Category:Dog]]

[[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Pig]][[Category:Dog]]

[[Category:Alimentary_Disorders_-_Horse]]

[[Category:Alimentary_Disorders_-_Horse]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_SophieIgnarski]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_SophieIgnarski]]