Difference between revisions of "Bluetongue Virus"
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*Vector control: ectoparasiticides, etc. | *Vector control: ectoparasiticides, etc. | ||
+ | ==Links== | ||
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+ | *[http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/bluetongue/index.htm Defra - Bluetongue] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==References== | ||
[[Category:Orbiviruses]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Pig]] | [[Category:Orbiviruses]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Pig]] | ||
[[Category:Tongue_-_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Lizzie]] | [[Category:Tongue_-_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Lizzie]] |
Revision as of 18:47, 19 August 2010
This article is still under construction. |
Description
- Caused by bluetongue virus of family Reoviridae
- Non-contagious
- Insect-borne
- Causes vasculitis, especially in oral cavity
Aetiology
- 24 serotypes of BTV have been described
Hosts
- Ruminants, including sheep, cattle, deer, goats, and camelids
Pathogenesis
- Transfer occurs through blood from viremic animals via biting midges (Culicoides spp.)
- Replication in haematopoietic and endothelial cells of blood vessels
- Clinical signs vary between species, with sheep most severely affected
- Pyrexia
- Ocular and nasal discharge
- Drooling from mouth uclers
- Swelling of the mouth, head and neck
- Lameness
- Subdural hemorrhages
- Inflammation of the coronary band
- Cattle as the main reservoir
- A blue tongue is rarely seen as as a clinical sign of infection
- Resulting loss of condition, reduction in wool an meat production, which can be followed by death
Diagnosis
- Clinical signs can be confirmed through the lab:
- RT-PCR to detect viral RNA
- ELISA serology for Ab and rising Ab titres
Clinical Signs
Laboratory Tests
Pathology
Complete loss of integrity of epithelium. Uncommon.
- Characteristic of Bluetongue Virus,
- Epithelium lost and haemorrhage produces blue / black discoloration of the tongue, hence the name.
- Grossly:
- Infarctions -> necrosis
- Haemorrhage
- Histologically:
- Necrosis -> calcification or regeneration (depends on age of lesion)
Treatment
- BTV is NOTIFIABLE
- Vigilance in recognizing clinical signs
- Restriction of movement:
- Protection Zone: 100km radius around infected premises, movement within zone allowed but not in or out
- Vaccination within PZ using appropriate serotype is encouraged but still voluntary
- Surveillance Zone: 50km radius beyond PZ
- Protection Zone: 100km radius around infected premises, movement within zone allowed but not in or out
- Vector control: ectoparasiticides, etc.