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Avian Female Reproductive System (view source)
Revision as of 13:56, 3 September 2008
, 13:56, 3 September 2008no edit summary
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|linkpage =Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology
|linktext =Reproductive System
|maplink = Reproductive System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology
|pagetype =Anatomy
<big><center>[[Exotics_-_Reproduction_in_the_Female_Avian_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''BACK TO FEMALE AVIAN REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
|sublink1=Exotics - Avian Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology - Anatomy & Physiology
|subtext1=AVIAN REPRODUCTIVE
}}
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== Ovary ==
= Ovary =
In the first 5 months after hatching, the ovary gradually develops from a small irregular structure with a finely granular surface into one where individual follicles can be observed.
In the first 5 months after hatching, the ovary gradually develops from a small irregular structure with a finely granular surface into one where individual follicles can be observed.
* No [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|Corpus Luteum]] is required, since there is no embryo to maintain as there is in mammals.
* No [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|Corpus Luteum]] is required, since there is no embryo to maintain as there is in mammals.
== Oviduct ==
= Oviduct =
[[Image:Female reproductive tract avian.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Schematic of the Female Avian Reproductive Tract- Courtesy of Ruth Lawson Otago Polytechnic, Copyright RVC 2008]]
[[Image:Female reproductive tract avian.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Schematic of the Female Avian Reproductive Tract- Courtesy of Ruth Lawson Otago Polytechnic, Copyright RVC 2008]]
* In most birds only the left oviduct is present and functional. The right oviduct can be identified as a strand of tissue on the right side along the ventral side of the caudal vena cava.
* In most birds only the left oviduct is present and functional. The right oviduct can be identified as a strand of tissue on the right side along the ventral side of the caudal vena cava.
===Anatomical Structure and Location===
== Anatomical Structure and Location==
* Occupies the left,dorsal part of the body cavity.
* Occupies the left,dorsal part of the body cavity.
** Some coils are connected by a ventral continuation that forms the muscular '''ventral ligament'''.
** Some coils are connected by a ventral continuation that forms the muscular '''ventral ligament'''.
== Blood Flow and Innervation ==
=== Blood Flow and Innervation ===
* Blood flow to shell gland increased during the presence of a calcifying egg
* Blood flow to shell gland increased during the presence of a calcifying egg
** Sympathetic innervation of the shell gland (Vagina) is via the hypogastric nerve, a direct continuation of the aortic plexus.
** Sympathetic innervation of the shell gland (Vagina) is via the hypogastric nerve, a direct continuation of the aortic plexus.
== Oviduct Motility ==
=== Oviduct Motility ===
* Cilia are found along the entire length of the Oviduct. These facillitate sperm transport.
* Cilia are found along the entire length of the Oviduct. These facillitate sperm transport.
* Egg transported by contractions of the Oviduct musculature.
* Egg transported by contractions of the Oviduct musculature.
== Histological Structure ==
=== Histological Structure ===
* Serosa
* Serosa
== Infundibulum ==
=== Infundibulum ===
* Consists of a fluted and tubular part.
* Consists of a fluted and tubular part.
* Some species have a [[Exotics_-_Anatomy_of_the_Female_Reproductive_System_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Sperm_Host_Glands|'''sperm host gland''']] in this area to store sperm for later fertilization.
* Some species have a [[Exotics_-_Anatomy_of_the_Female_Reproductive_System_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Sperm_Host_Glands|'''sperm host gland''']] in this area to store sperm for later fertilization.
== Magnum ==
=== Magnum ===
* Longest part of the Oviduct.
* Longest part of the Oviduct.
* Calcium, sodium and magnesium are added.
* Calcium, sodium and magnesium are added.
== Isthmus ==
=== Isthmus ===
* Demarcated from the Magnum by a narrow aglandular zone.
* Demarcated from the Magnum by a narrow aglandular zone.
* Inner and outer [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Shell|'''shell membrane formation''']].
* Inner and outer [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Shell|'''shell membrane formation''']].
== Uterus ==
=== Uterus ===
* Holds the egg during [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Shell|shell formation]].
* Holds the egg during [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Shell|shell formation]].
* '''Shell pigments''' (primarily protoporphyrin and biliverdin) are deposited via ciliated cells over 3 hours until 30 minutes before oviposition.
* '''Shell pigments''' (primarily protoporphyrin and biliverdin) are deposited via ciliated cells over 3 hours until 30 minutes before oviposition.
== Vagina ==
=== Vagina ===
* Muscular S-shaped tube through which the completed egg passes when it is expelled.
* Muscular S-shaped tube through which the completed egg passes when it is expelled.
* In some species, egg can remain here for hardening before passing out of the oviduct to the Urodeum.
* In some species, egg can remain here for hardening before passing out of the oviduct to the Urodeum.
====Sperm Host Glands ====
=== Sperm Host Glands ===
* Sperm host glands are at the '''uterovaginal junction''' of domestic fowl.
* Sperm host glands are at the '''uterovaginal junction''' of domestic fowl.
* Well-developed vascular system.
* Well-developed vascular system.
= Cloacal Urodeum =
== Cloacal Urodeum ==
[[Image:Avian Cloaca Diagram.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Avian Cloaca Diagram - Copyright RVC 2008]]
[[Image:Avian Cloaca Diagram.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Avian Cloaca Diagram - Copyright RVC 2008]]
* Ureters and genital ducts empty into its dorsal wall.
* Ureters and genital ducts empty into its dorsal wall.
* Left Oviduct opens into a small mound, which is covered by a small membrane in ducks,geese and swans until sexual maturity.
* Left Oviduct opens into a small mound, which is covered by a small membrane in ducks,geese and swans until sexual maturity.